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Parsudi Suparlan
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Paradigma Naturalistik dalam Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Penggunaannya Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 53 (1997): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This article discusses hoe the qualitative approach in the social sciences is applied to the study of education and educational systems. A discussion is given on how the qualitative approach differs from the quantitative approach, with an emphasis on how an understanding of the culture of the people under study becomes of a central importance in the former. Educational institutions must be studied within a wider context, allowing the researcher to identify relevant problem areas that are often deemed irrelevant by quantitative studies using deductive models. It is also noted that research conducted with the qualitative approach requires that the researcher must have sufficient theoretical and conceptual knowledge, as well as knowledge of the methods needed to collect data.
Kesukubangsaan dan Primordialitas: Program Ayam di Desa Mwapi, Timika, Irian Jaya Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 54 (1997): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

In this article, Suparlan uses both concepts of ethnicity and primordialism in explaining the failure of Poultry Farming Assistance Program carried out by the local office of the general of Animal Housebandry in Mwapi Villlage, Irian Jaya. Among the Komoro's who live in this village are divided into two clans: Muare and Pigapu. Their culture is called Ndaitita which mainly based on egalitarianism. They do not have a formal social stratification. Each person perceived as atomistic individual. Concepts of state and larger societies do not exist in Komoro's culture. Their social relations base on family and clan. When the head of Mwapi villages had task to coordinate the chicken program, he only recruited the persons from his clan: Muare. According to Suparlan, the heads start his ethnicities in forming make this group. But the programs started to ruin when the group had to work together. Komoro' peoples are very individualistic. So, the programs had failure. To cover up these problems, Chief starts his primordialism as the core beliefs.
Model Sosial Budaya bagi Penyelenggaraan Transmigrasi di Irian Jaya Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 57 (1998): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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In this article, the author brings forth the need for a cultural perspective in examining and handling the problem of transmigration. He concentrates on transmigrants and their settlements, and emphasizes the importance of transmigration settlement planning that accord with the culture of the future transmigrant, along with settlement planning that takes into account its future as a center of social and economic growth and social integration in the area. Drawing from his experience with transmigration in Irian Jaya, the author shows how the transmigrants of the village of Jambal and most of the local ethnic groups show varying, sometimes opposing, characteristics. He points out that transmigrants from Java are oriented toward their urban centers, but are then placed at relatively isolated areas. Thus it should come as no surprise if these transmigrants tend to abandon their new settlement for the city. The author suggests that the transmigration program can be said to be successful if it can be shown that the settlers are in fact faring better in their new area. Here, transmigration settlements cannot be regarded as mere settlement, but as arenas for the improvement of their habitants' prosperity. They must be viewed as part of the region's development and administrative system. The author completes the article with a model of transmigration for Irian Jaya that rests on a pluralistic model of society rather than a model of assimilation.
Kemajemukan, Hipotesis Kebudayaan Dominan dan Kesukubangsaan Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 58 (1999): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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On the basis of Bruner's concept of a dominant culture, the author analyzes the case of Bandung, Sambas, and Ambon. By comparing the three cases, the author reveals the differences in adaptation strategies among the Javanese in Bandung, the Maduranese in Sambas, and the BBM (Buton, Bugis, Makassar) in Ambon...[...] The author argues that the dominant culture in a specific setting, with its rules and norms, should be followed by the migrants and outsiders. However, the challenges to the dominant culture can be diverse in different societies and setting. The cases in Sambas and Ambon reveal that there is a problem in the challenge toward the dominant culture in those societies.
Konflik Sosial dan Alternatif Pemecahannya Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 59 (1999): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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In this article the author looks into social conflict and alternative solutions to the problem. He begins by discussing the merits of a conflict model in viewing society, as expounded by Dahrendorf, bailey, and others. The author argues that, in contrast, the New Order Regime of Indonesia followed a model of equilibrium , characteristic of most pseudo-democratic or authoritarian states...[...] the author suggest that with a conflict model, differences are given, and conflict give rise to competition where there exist rules for competition that are fair and well-enforced. These ruled must be enforced b and impartial police. However, the incorporation of the police into the Indonesian military for the past 32 years has placed emphasis on the use of military tactics for resolving conflicts. In fact, one solution to the problem of conflict is the presence of one institution or organization that can be trusted and depended upon by all partied involved; and this should be the police.
Ethnicity and Nationality among the Sakai: The Transformation of an Isolated Group into a Part of Indonesian Society Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 62 (2000): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menunjukkan bahwa transformasi anggota-anggota suatu kelompok yang terisolasi ke dalam masyarakat majemuk yang lebih besar, dikondisikan oleh hubungan saling mempengaruhi antara sifat majemuk masyarakat tersebut dan posisi dari kelompok yang terisolasi itu dalam struktur kekuasaan masyarakat majemuk itu. Kesukubangsaan dari Orang Sakai yang dilukiskan dalam tulisan ini, diwujudkan sebagai tanggapan terhadap struktur kekuasaan yang berlaku dalam setting lokal. Ekspresi kesukubangsaan itu beragam. Keragaman itu menunjukkan potensi dan kemampuan Orang Sakai dalam memanipulasi simbol-simbol kebudayaan serta atribut-atribut etnis untuk identifikasi diri, perolehan posisi dan kompetisi dalam perolehan sumberdaya alam dalam hubungan-hubungan sosial dan antaretnis. Melalui kesukubangsaan inilah mereka tertransformasikan ke dalam masyarakat Indonesia.Dua kasus program pemukiman kembali bagi Orang Sakai, yakni di Muara Basung danSialang Rimbun menunjukkan dua lingkungan struktur kekuasaan yang berbeda bagi OrangSakai. Kedua program pemukiman itu mengalami kegagalan. Tetapi, melalui pengalaman dikedua pemukiman tersebut, Orang Sakai mendefinisi ulang kesukubangsaan dan kebangsaannya.
Masyarakat Majemuk dan Perawatannya Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 63 (2000): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Indonesia is a multicultural society consisting of more than 500 ethnic groups, cultures, and various religious beliefs. They are united as a nation by the national state system of Indonesia. The Indonesian state was built by the founding fathers on the basis of the ideology of 'Unity in Diversity' (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika). During the Soeharto regime, it was turned into a state based on militarism, violence, totalitarianism, and was centered in the hands of the powerful elites. In line with the violence, militarism and totalitarianism, there has been an active use of primordialism (ethnicity and Islamic religion as the political tools). In this article the author presents the essence of Indonesia's multiculturalism and its potentials to unite and break up as a nation, as well as solutions on how to take care and maintain a democratic multiculturalism.
Orang Kamoro: Perubahan Kehidupan dan Lingkungannya Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 64 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

In this article, the author describes the history of changes among the Kamoro in Mimika. Some of the changes-due to changes in their physical, social, and cultural environment-were unexpected and surprising, so that they were not ready to cope with. Consequently, there were two prominent implications in their life: the increase of consumerism behavior, and the occurrence of more frequent conflicts among themselves. In the final part, the author examines the Kamoro relationship with outsiders, of how they categorize the latter, and with whom they used to generate conflicts. Recently, conflicts mainly occur on the problems of land dispute with outsiders, and in the competition to get the 'one million-dollars' funds from PT Freeport.
Keyakinan Keagamaan dalam Konflik antarsukubangsa Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 66 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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This article attempts to show that in the bloody conflicts between ethnic groups, individual ethnic patterns that are individually owned become categorical patterns. No longer are individuals the targets for the ethnic groups in conflict, but rather the categories with the attributes of each ethnic group in conflict. Thus, the attack upon categories based upon their characteristic do no take into account the sex, age or social position of the people displaying these characteristic as attributes of their ethnicity. This article also attempts to show that in each bloody ethnic group conflict, religious beliefs may permeate. Ethnic group conflicts can therefore change (or be made to change)into religious conflict between adherents of different beliefs. However, this does not mean that every ethnic conflict will change into a religious conflict. On the one hand, the religious beliefs of actors in an ethnic conflict serve to reinforce ethnicity and the spirit for eradicating the ethnic category that is the enemy. On the other hand, the religious beliefs of actors dominate ethnicity and take over the latter's function in the effort to eradicate the religious categories of the enemy. Thus, ethnic conflict changed into religious conflict. This essay uses cases from early riots in Ambon, the Sambas riot in West Kalimantan, and the case of Dayak-Madura in Central Kalimantan.
Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia yang Multikultural Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 69 (2002): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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"...[...] Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa upaya membangun Indonesia yang multikultural hanya mungkin terwujud bila (1) konsep multikulturalisme menyebar luas dan dipahami pentingnya bagi bangsa Indonesia, serta adanya keinginan bangsa Indonesia pada tingkat nasional maupun lokal untuk mengadopsi dan menjadi pedoman hidupnya; (2) kesamaan pemahaman di antarapara ahli mengenai makna multikulturalisme dan bangunan konsep-konsep yang mendukungnya, dan (3) upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk dapat mewujudkan cita-cita ini."
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