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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies
Kudo, Toshihiro
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Humanities Environmental Science Social Sciences

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THE SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF FDI ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM THE FIVE PRIORITY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA Juda, Martin; Kudo, Toshihiro
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 28 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Economic Research Center, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2E-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (472.505 KB)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of FDI spillover on labor productivity of the firms in the five priority manufacturing sector industries in Indonesia, namely food and beverages, textiles, wearing apparel and footwear, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, electronics, and automotive and transport equipment industries. Using unbalanced firm-level data from 2000 to 2015, we find positive spillover effects in the horizontal linkages, which measure the presence of foreign firms on the labor productivity of local firms in the same industry. However, the effects of FDI on the labor productivity of domestic in backward linkages shows negative results, which means foreign buyers fail to give benefits to domestic suppliers. Moreover, the relationship between foreign suppliers and domestic buyers in the forward linkages also show negative spillover effects. These findings are also in line when the analyses are disaggregated into each industry, except for the electronics industry. Based on the different results of the three linkages of spillover effects, our findings suggest that the FDI spillover has not provided comprehensive benefits for local firms.
Unequal and Unprotected: Exploring Gender Wage Gap Among Precarious Workers in Indonesia Nabiel, Muhammad; Kudo, Toshihiro; Muhamad Purnagunawan, Raden
HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/humanisma.v9i2.9919

Abstract

This paper addresses the persistent issue of the gender pay gap among precarious workers in Indonesia, where women still receive significantly less than their male counterparts. The lack of empirical focus on this problem drives the research. Filling this void, the paper analyses how structures and institutions affect uneven wage formation and gendered labor insecurity. Adopting a quantitative approach, the paper employs the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and quantile regressions (using the 2023 SAKERNAS dataset) to decompose wage differentials across the income distribution. The results show that women earn 35.6 percent less than men on average, and that over 70 percent of this gap is not accounted for by observable characteristics, demonstrating the existence of enduring structural discrimination. The disparity is highest at the lower tail of the wage distribution, suggesting a sticky floor effect. These results highlight the need for policy interventions that enhance care protection, implement pay parity, regularize informal work, and promote gender-responsive digital inclusion.
Co-Authors Juda, Martin Muhamad Purnagunawan, Raden Nabiel, Muhammad