Purnagunawan, Raden Muhamad
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Personal Capital and Female Labor Force Participation in Indonesia: A Probit Analysis of Urban–Rural Contrasts Pertiwi, Elita; Purnagunawan, Raden Muhamad; Hadiyanto, Ferry; Alyasa, Faisal Madjid
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jish.v14i2.95599

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of personal capital, comprising education, ICT skills, and health, on female labor force participation (FLFP) in Indonesia, where FLFP remains low despite decades of economic growth. The research addresses a critical gap in understanding how individual human capital interacts with regional contexts to influence women’s participation in paid work. Using nationally representative data from the 2022 National Socioeconomic Survey, this study applies a probit regression model to estimate the probability of FLFP among working-age females, with separate analyses for urban and rural areas. Interaction terms are included to test whether ICT skills have greater effects at higher education levels. The results indicate that education exhibits a U-shaped relationship with FLFP. Marginal effect plots confirm this non-linear pattern, with participation lowest at mid-level education. When ICT is included, this negative effect is reduced, especially in urban areas, indicating that digital skills help enhance the value of education. Interaction plots show that ICT alone has little effect at low education levels but becomes increasingly beneficial as education levels rise, particularly in urban settings. Health, which encompasses physical, mental, and cognitive aspects, also has a significant positive impact on women’s participation. These findings suggest that policies should not only expand access to education and digital skills but also integrate health support to promote women’s employment. Enhancing digital infrastructure and tailoring interventions to local contexts may help reduce gender and regional gaps in FLFP.
Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia Impacted by Financial Accessibility Rusliana, Nanang; Alisjahbana, Armida Salsiah; Budiono, Budiono; Purnagunawan, Raden Muhamad
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 24, No 2 (2023): JEP 2023
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v24i2.21703

Abstract

The goals of this study are to examine and analyze the financial accessibility of SMEs in Indonesia, to examine the impact of financial constraints on SMEs’ performance there, and to determine how SMEs’ performance in Indonesia is impacted by their involvement in the financial market. This analysis makes use of panel data from the 2009 and 2015 waves of the World Bank Enterprise Survey (ESWB). Quantitative analysis with panel data regression models utilizing the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) or Random Effect Model (REM) and Hausman test constitute the analytical framework for this study. Stata Software is used for all computations and estimation related to the model and its tests. The results show that financial accessibility has a greater influence on sales growth compared to labor growth in medium-sized businesses, while in small businesses financial accessibility has a smaller effect on sales growth compared to labor growth. The number of small companies that are not financially constrained is more than the number of companies participating in the financial market. And participation in the financial market has an influence on business performance, both in terms of sales growth and workforce growth.
Analysis of the Influence of Demography and Education on Youth Unemployment in Indonesia Lanadimulya, Heri; Remi, Sutyastie Soemitro; Purnagunawan, Raden Muhamad
Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi (JRIE) Edisi Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jrie.v3i3.76

Abstract

This study analyses the influence of demography and education on youth unemployment in Indonesia. The demographic conditions are examined based on the youth population, adult unemployment, and sex ratio. Education is measured by the percentage of the labour force that has completed at least high school education. The model used is panel data regression analysis, employing time series data from 2013-2022 and cross-section data from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The study found that demographic conditions significantly influence youth unemployment levels in Indonesia. The increase in the number of young people needs to be managed so that their entry into the labour force is more manageable, by increasing the promotion of education and expanding skills training for young people. Adult unemployment is a competitor to the youth labour force, reducing the opportunity for young people to find employment, and the results of this study highlight that the distribution of women entering the labour force is smaller, so an increase in the number of men entering the labour force has a positive effect on the increase in youth unemployment. Meanwhile, increasing the proportion of the labour force with at least a high school education can reduce youth unemployment in Indonesia.