Grace Natalia Timang Pasulu
Universitas Udayana

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Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan dan Klasifikasi Wilayah di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Grace Natalia Timang Pasulu; Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7850

Abstract

Inequality in income distribution between regions is a persistent structural problem in Indonesia's economic development, including in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Differences in the quality of Human Resources (HR), investment intensity, economic growth, unemployment rates, and minimum wages in each region lead to imbalances in welfare attainment. DIY even recorded the highest Gini index in Indonesia as of March 2024, indicating the most severe level of inequality nationally. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of HR quality, investment, economic growth, unemployment rates, and minimum wages on inter-regional income inequality in DIY Province. In addition, this study also classifies five regencies/cities in DIY into a regional growth typology based on the Klassen Typology approach, which combines indicators of economic growth and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita. The type of data used is secondary panel data from the five regencies/cities during 2014–2023, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software, and is complemented by classical assumption testing and Klassen Typology analysis. This research design is quantitative descriptive and associative, with a data-driven empirical approach. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously all five variables have a significant effect on income distribution inequality, but partially only human resource quality has a positive and significant effect. Regional classification based on Klassen Typology places Yogyakarta and Sleman as developed regions, while Bantul and Gunungkidul are classified as underdeveloped. The implications of this study show the importance of an inclusive and region-based development policy direction. Regional governments need to prioritize improving human resource quality through education and health.