The development of the modern economy, characterized by the digitalization of transactions, financial innovation, and the increasing complexity of economic activities, requires an economic system that is not only profit-oriented but also upholds the principles of justice and public welfare. This study aims to analyze the concept of maqasid al-shariah, explain the objectives of the Islamic economic system from the perspective of maqasid al-shariah, and examine its implementation in modern economic transactions. This research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. The data were collected through documentation studies of the Qur'an, Hadith, books, and relevant scholarly articles, and were analyzed using descriptive-analytical content analysis. The findings indicate that maqasid al-shariah serves as the philosophical foundation of Islamic economics, focusing on the protection of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-'aql), lineage (hifz al-nasl), and wealth (hifz al-mal). The implementation of these principles is reflected in various Islamic economic instruments, including Islamic banking, zakat, productive waqf, Islamic financial technology (fintech), and e-commerce transactions that emphasize justice, transparency, and the avoidance of riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maisir (gambling). Therefore, maqasid al-shariah remains highly relevant in addressing contemporary economic challenges and can serve as a paradigm for establishing an equitable, inclusive, and welfare-oriented economic system.