Euphrasiane Griseldis Beting
Magister of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

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The Use of Antihypertensive Drugs in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Budi Suprapti; Mochammad Thaha; Wenny Putri Nilamsari; Ihsan Muhyidin; Vini Siane Tanaem; Euphrasiane Griseldis Beting
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 6, No 2 (2026): May–August 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v6i2.38102

Abstract

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension plays a central role, acting as both a risk factor and a complication that contributes to disease progression. Effective control of blood pressure through antihypertensive therapy is essential for preserving kidney function and preventing clinical decline. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antihypertensive treatment and blood pressure target achievement in pre-dialysis CKD patients, with blood pressure targets defined as 130/80 mmHg and 140/80 mmHg in elderly patients. This study was a prospective observational study with a retrospective review of medical records over a 3-month period, and the data were subsequently analyzed using descriptive methods. Participants were pre-dialysis CKD patients aged 18 or older receiving antihypertensive therapy with complete blood pressure records. Among the 90 eligible patients, the most commonly used antihypertensive classes were angiotensin receptor blockers, particularly candesartan, and calcium channel blockers, specifically nifedipine, either as monotherapy or combined with two to five other antihypertensive drugs. Over three months, only an average of 23.3% of patients achieved blood pressure targets, and only 8.9% maintained that continuously. Therefore, a more effective blood pressure management strategy is needed to achieve the desired target blood pressure.