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Sinta Uli Simbolon
English Literature Department, Universitas Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia

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The Representation of Epoch of Ramayana in Bajangratu Temple Zahwa Amelia Putri Dermawan; Sinta Uli Simbolon; Rizal Rafsanjani; Ni Nyoman Sarmi; Rommel Utungga Pasopati
RUMI: Rumah Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): RUMI (Rumah Ilmiah Jurnal Multidisiplin) (April)
Publisher : RUMI: Rumah Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin

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Abstract

This study examines the representation of the Ramayana epic in the reliefs of Bajangratu Temple, a 14th-century Majapahit paduraksa gate located in Trowulan, East Java. Although its original function remains uncertain, the temple is closely associated with memorial traditions for King Jayanegara and reflects the artistic sophistication of Majapahit architecture. The Ramayana reliefs, particularly scenes of Hanuman’s monkey army battling Ravana’s demons, serve not only as artistic narratives but also as moral and ideological symbols. Through Stuart Hall’s Theory of Representation, the carvings are interpreted as cultural constructs that communicate values such as loyalty, virtue, and the triumph of good over evil. Field observations and interviews support the view that these reliefs function as visual texts, reinforcing Majapahit ideals of righteous leadership, social order, and spiritual identity. In conclusion, the Ramayana relief in Bajangratu Temple is not merely matters of decoration, but a symbolic and spiritual way to prevent any upcoming bad deed
Co-Authors Ni Nyoman Sarmi Pasopati, Rommel Utungga Rizal Rafsanjani Zahwa Amelia Putri Dermawan