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William William
Krida Wacana Christian University (UKRIDA)
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing

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Multifaceted Effects of Hypoxia on Cardiac and Vascular Physiology: A Comprehensive Review William William; Neng Tine Kartinah
Jurnal Ners Vol. 10 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v10i4.61942

Abstract

Hypoxia is a condition in which tissues experience a lack of oxygen. Hypoxia can be divided into acute, and chronic hypoxia. The body has various pathways to detect and respond to hypoxic states, such as the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway, Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The cardiovascular system is an important system in the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Hypoxia to the cardiovascular system can cause changes to the system. Cardiovascular consequences of oxygen deprivation include cardiac electrical activity disturbance, autonomic nervous system disturbance, cardiac muscle cell death, cardiac enlargement, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling and damage to the blood brain barrier and spinal cord.
Co-Authors Neng Tine Kartinah Almuktabar