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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis Research of Service Administration Health and Sains Healthys
Ni Luh Putu Faniacetta Dahayu Wedantari
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health

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Pathomechanisms and Neuroprotective Strategies in Traumatic Brain Injury Mufidah Radwah Ja'faruddin; Anis Wulan Prabajati; Ni Luh Putu Faniacetta Dahayu Wedantari; Nurussifa' Innuffus
Research of Service Administration Health and Sains Healthys Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Research of Service Administration Health and Sains Healthys (September)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Mandala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58258/wj4xqr67

Abstract

Cedera otak traumatik (traumatic brain injury/TBI) merupakan penyebab penting kematian dan disabilitas neurologis akibat cedera primer serta kaskade cedera sekunder yang melibatkan eksitotoksisitas, disfungsi mitokondria, neuroinflamasi, gangguan blood–brain barrier (BBB), edema, degenerasi akson, dan kematian sel. Tinjauan ini membahas patomekanisme cedera primer dan sekunder, mekanisme neuroprotektif endogen, strategi terapi neuroprotektif, serta peran biomarker pada TBI. Tinjauan naratif ini disusun melalui sintesis literatur ilmiah mengenai TBI, neuroproteksi, biomarker, dan terapi inovatif, terutama publikasi tahun 2016–2026. Cedera sekunder merupakan proses multifaktorial yang saling berhubungan; eksitotoksisitas glutamat memicu influx Ca²⁺, disfungsi mitokondria, produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS), dan apoptosis, sedangkan neuroinflamasi, gangguan BBB, edema, serta degenerasi akson memperburuk kerusakan neurologis. Strategi neuroprotektif meliputi modulasi eksitotoksisitas, perlindungan antioksidan dan mitokondria, modulasi inflamasi, faktor neurotrofik, terapi sel punca, dan vesikel ekstraseluler. GFAP dan UCH-L1 berpotensi mendeteksi cedera intrakranial akut, sedangkan NF-L mencerminkan cedera aksonal persisten. Neuroproteksi TBI memerlukan pendekatan multipel target berbasis waktu, heterogenitas pasien, dan profil biomarker. 
Vestibular Dysfunction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Challenges and Clinical Perspectives Seikha Cheany Fitriansyah; Azizah Tasyarani Khairunnisa; Danda Ananda; Lalu Muhammad Nuriel Akbar; Mufidah Radwah Ja'faruddin; Ni Luh Putu Faniacetta Dahayu Wedantari; Ilsa Hunaifi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i4.12358

Abstract

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) has traditionally been managed purely as a biomechanical structural deformity of the spine. However, recent evidence highlights the involvement of the central nervous system, particularly vestibular and sensorimotor dysfunction, in its pathogenesis. This systematic review aims to synthesize current literature on vestibular impairments and their impact on postural control in adolescents with AIS. A systematic literature search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink, to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria focused on articles evaluating vestibular function, sensorimotor integration, and postural control in patients with AIS, compared to either healthy controls or internal clinical parameters. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Out of 137 initially screened records, 8 studies met the final inclusion criteria. Data synthesis reveals that AIS patients can actually maintain normal balance during simple static tasks due to a high-level of sensory compensation. However, their stability limits drop drastically when visual and proprioceptive inputs are manipulated. This instability strongly correlates with the severity of the Cobb angle. Structurally, imaging and neuro-otological evidence confirm the presence of anatomical asymmetries, such as abnormal lateral semicircular canal orientation and white matter disruptions in the corpus callosum. Furthermore, trials of neuromodulation interventions (combining peripheral and cortical stimulation) have proven effective in instantly reducing postural sway. AIS is a complex neurosensory syndrome driven by vestibular anatomical asymmetry and impaired central sensory integration, rather than purely a mechanical bone issue. Therefore, standard orthopedic management, such as bracing, should be complemented with routine neuro-otological screening and sensorimotor rehabilitation programs to address the root cause of postural instability.
Co-Authors Anis Wulan Prabajati Azizah Tasyarani Khairunnisa Danda Ananda Ilsa Hunaifi Lalu Muhammad Nuriel Akbar Mufidah Radwah Ja'faruddin Mufidah Radwah Ja'faruddin Nurussifa' Innuffus Seikha Cheany Fitriansyah