<![CDATA[The QR Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) is widely used in digital payments across Indonesia, offering convenience but also introducing security risks such as quishing, QR code phishing, also known as quishing, attacks that redirect payments to fraudulent accounts. This study proposes a visual cryptography-based method to enhance the security of static QRIS. The proposed method employs a (2,2)-threshold visual cryptography scheme to split a static QRIS into two shares, held separately by the merchant and the customer, such that the original QR code can only be reconstructed when both shares are combined. A mobile-based prototype was implemented, incorporating fiducial marker detection, tilt correction, and image binarization to support accurate share reconstruction under real-world conditions. Experimental evaluation was conducted through 15 reconstruction trials using various smartphones and display conditions. The results show a reconstruction success rate of 80% (12 out of 15 trials), while 20% of attempts failed due to low camera resolution and complex background patterns that interfered with marker detection and binary conversion. Compared to existing QRIS security approaches that rely on dynamic QR codes or location-based verification, the proposed method offers a novel share-based protection mechanism specifically tailored to static QRIS. These findings indicate that visual cryptography can effectively mitigate quishing attacks on static QRIS, although its practical deployment remains dependent on environmental and device-related constraints.]]>
