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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
Norazani Ahmad
Sultan Idris Education University
Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Ethical issues in digital mental health delivery: a comprehensive scoping review of global challenges Nurul Ain Ain Mohd Mohd Daud; Hapsah Md Yusof; Norazani Ahmad; Fauziah Mohd Sa’ad; Nurul Hasyimah Mat Rani; Pau Kee; Nur Shuhana Mohd Sansuddin
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 15, No 3: September 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v15.i3.pp911-920

Abstract

Digital technologies are becoming increasingly integrated into mental health counselling. While expanding the boundaries of service provision, these technologies have also raised numerous ethical challenges that urgently need clarification. This study conducts a scoping review following the standardized methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley. It identifies five core ethical challenges facing practitioners: privacy and data security; informed consent and autonomy; service accessibility and equality; algorithmic fairness and bias mitigation; and inclusiveness and equity. Existing comparative analyses show that Western countries, including the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), have mature digital mental health regulatory frameworks. In contrast, non-Western countries generally face gaps in legal protections, which have created a global ethical divide. Artificial intelligence (AI)-related risks, such as algorithmic bias and lack of transparency, further exacerbate these problems. The study calls on policymakers to improve relevant regulatory frameworks and requires practitioners to receive specialized ethical training.
Co-Authors Fauziah Mohd Sa’ad Hapsah Md Yusof Nur Shuhana Mohd Sansuddin Nurul Ain Ain Mohd Mohd Daud Nurul Hasyimah Mat Rani Pau Kee