<![CDATA[Infant mortality is an important indicator of population health. Although the infant mortality rate in Indonesia has declined, identifying complex and multifactorial determinants, including biological factors (twins, complications), behavioral factors (exposure to cigarette smoke), health services (delivery methods and birth assistance), and social support, remains necessary to further reduce infant mortality and address disparities across regions. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of infant mortality in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from SKI 2023, covering 38 provinces in Indonesia. The sample consisted of 70,916 mothers. Data collection for SKI 2023 was conducted through direct interviews using a structured digital questionnaire (CAPI/Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing). This study obtained ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee under ethics approval code FRM/SMKI-PUSDATIN/70. The results showed that factors significantly associated with infant mortality included postpartum depression (OR=0.59; p=0.000), pregnancy complications (OR=1.27; p=0.003), birth complications (OR=0.54; p=0.000), healthcare access (OR=1.42; p=0.021), family support (OR=0.48; p=0.000), smoking in the household (OR=2.53; p=0.004), twin birth (OR=29.0; p=0.000), and delivery assistance (OR=0.66; p=0.000). Twin birth was the strongest determinant (OR=31.00; 95% CI:26.35-38.53; p=0.000), followed by smoking in the household (OR=2.00; p=0.007), cesarean delivery method (OR=1.00; p=0.000), birth complications (OR=0.62; p=0.000), family support (OR=0.51; p=0.000), and assistance by non-healthcare personnel (OR=0.66; p=0.000). Stratified analysis showed consistent risk factors in urban and rural areas, although healthcare access was significant in urban areas (OR=1.57; p=0.022). The main determinants of infant mortality in Indonesia include perinatal factors (twin birth, birth complications), behavioral factors (exposure to cigarette smoke), health services (delivery method, healthcare access, and delivery assistance), and social support, with differing patterns of association between urban and rural areas.]]>
