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All Journal Jurnal Greenation Sosial dan Politik Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences
Ade Netra Kartika
Universitas Borobudur, Jakarta, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Toward Social Justice in Digital Transformation: Legal and Ethical Governance of Electronic Medical Records for Global Welfare Ade Netra Kartika; Ahmad Redi
Jurnal Greenation Sosial dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Jurnal Greenation Sosial dan Politik (November 2025 - Januari 2026)
Publisher : Greenation Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jgsp.v3i4.548

Abstract

The accelerating digital transformation of healthcare across countries—driven by the adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMR)—has reshaped the relationship between technology, ethics, and law. While EMR systems promise efficiency and interoperability, they also raise pressing issues of privacy, accountability, and equitable access. In developing contexts such as Indonesia, the challenge lies not only in technological implementation but also in ensuring that digital governance upholds the principles of social justice and human dignity. This study investigates how legal and ethical frameworks governing EMR in Indonesia align with global standards of justice and digital welfare. It aims to identify the normative gaps between regulation, ethics, and practice in digital health governance, proposing a regional framework for “digital justice.” Employing a qualitative legal-ethical approach, the study conducts comparative document analysis and case study evaluation of EMR regulations, including Indonesia’s Law No. 27/2022 on Personal Data Protection (Republic of Indonesia, 2022). These are benchmarked against international references such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the WHO Digital Health Ethics Framework, and the OECD Principles on Data Governance. The comparative analysis reveals four thematic insights: (1) legal compliance and ethical governance; (2) digital inclusion and justice are hindered by structural disparities; (3) accountability mechanisms are underdeveloped; and (4) social justice principles are not yet institutionalized in digital health policy. The paper argues that sustainable digital transformation must integrate ethical equity, legal accountability, and participatory governance as interdependent pillars of “social justice in digital transformation.” The proposed model contributes to policy harmonization in Indonesia and reinforces the legitimacy of digital health governance within global welfare discourse.
Bridging Innovation and Governance: A Systematic Literature Review of Artificial Intelligence, Electronic Medical Records, and Legal Protection in Healthcare Ade Netra Kartika; Binsar Jon Vic
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (June - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.411

Abstract

The rapid digital transformation in healthcare has resulted in the extensive implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and electronic medical records (EMR), providing significant enhancements in data-driven clinical decision-making and operational efficiency. The objective is to discern prevailing research trends, delineate significant difficulties, and offer strategic insights that harmonize innovation with governance. A systematic literature review, 20 peer-reviewed journal papers published from 2017 to 2024 were chosen based on relevance, methodological rigor, and contribution to the discourse. The data indicate that although AI substantially improves healthcare delivery, its incorporation into EMRs exceeds the establishment of cohesive legal protections. Principal themes encompass data security, liability uncertainty, algorithmic bias, and institutional preparedness. The study indicates that addressing this gap necessitates a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates legal, technical, and ethical factors. Regulatory change, patient-centric policies, and stakeholder collaboration are crucial for the responsible implementation of AI in healthcare.
The Urgency of Legal Protection for Electronic Medical Records Amid Cybercrime Threats: A Literature Review on Patients' Rights and Doctors' Obligations Ade Netra Kartika
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (June - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.494

Abstract

The digitization of electronic medical records (EMRs) has revolutionized healthcare delivery globally. However, alongside efficiency and accessibility, EMRs pose increasing risks due to cybercrime. Sensitive health data is now vulnerable to unauthorized access, requiring not only technological safeguards but also a strong legal framework. This literature review aims to map existing academic discussions and research findings on the legal protection of EMRs, with a focus on patients' rights to privacy and the legal obligations of healthcare providers. Through a systematic analysis of international and Indonesian literature published over the last five years, this study identifies trends, regulatory gaps, and conceptual frameworks that inform the evolving intersection of law, technology, and health data governance. The findings reveal fragmented regulatory responses and a need for integrative legal models to address cyber threats in the health sector. Recommendations include cross-disciplinary legal reform, improved cybersecurity standards, and enhanced legal literacy for medical professionals.
Co-Authors Ahmad Redi Binsar Jon Vic