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All Journal Jurnal Suara Hukum indonesian Journal of Administrative Law and Local Government (IJALGOV)
Nurul Hikmah
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Dwangsom (Coerced Money) In Cases of Child Execution Due to Divorce: A Study of the Supreme Court Decision Number: 1026 K/Ag/2023: Dwangsom (Uang Paksa) dalam Kasus Eksekusi Hak Asuh Anak Akibat Perceraian: Sebuah Studi atas Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor: 1026 K/Ag/2023 Marcella Selvi Arliani; Nurul Hikmah
Indonesian Journal of Administrative Law and Local Government Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IJALGOV)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ijalgov.v3i2.55438

Abstract

The implementation of execution (hadhanah) in Indonesia still faces unclear norms, especially because children cannot be treated as objects of execution like objects as stated in Article 1033 Rv (Reglemen op de Rechtsvordering), one of which is namely in the Decision Supreme Court Number: 1026 K/Ag/2023. Formulation problems in research This namely: First, how urgency implementation dwangsom (money force) in constraint implementation execution decision right foster care child (hadhanah) in Decision Supreme Court Number: 1026 K/Ag/2023 and second, how the judge's authority in set dwangsom (money force) in the case right foster care child (hadlanah) according to law positive in Indonesia. Goal study This For urgency implementation dwangsom (money force) in constraint implementation execution decision right foster care child (hadhanah) in Decision Supreme Court Number: 1026 K/Ag/2023 and the authority of judges in set dwangsom (money force) in the case right foster care child (hadlanah) according to law positive in Indonesia. Method research used is study juridical normative. Research results show that the application of dwangsom in the Supreme Court Decision Number: 1026 K/Ag/2023 is valid and important to be implemented as an effort to guarantee the implementation of child custody (hadhanah) execution. This application is in line with Article 606 a and 606 Rv (Reglement op de burgerlijke rechtvordering), Article 259 paragraph (1) RBg  Results of the National Working Meeting (RAKERNAS) of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia in Manado in 2012. In addition, based on the Supreme Court Decision Number: 556/K/SIP/1971 dated January 8, 1972, and the Supreme Court Number: 291/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Klk, the Judge is allowed to decide beyond the petitum as long as it is for the sake of justice, so that it does not violate the principle of ultra petita. This application is also in line with the Islamic fiqh principle of Dar'ul Mafasid Muqoddamun 'Al-Jarbil Masalih.
Notarial Authentication of Electronic Consumer Agreements: A Layered Trust Model for Digital Justice Dita Perwitasari; Budi Santoso; Yunanto Yunanto; Zainur Rahman; Nurul Hikmah
Jurnal Suara Hukum Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Suara Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jsh.v8n2.p392-425

Abstract

Electronic consumer agreements are legally recognized but remain vulnerable to identity manipulation, opaque standard terms, unverifiable consent, fragile evidence, data-processing risks, and weak access to remedies. Existing scholarship commonly treats electronic signatures, consumer protection, and cyber-notarial development separately, leaving an institutional gap concerning how legal authenticity can protect consumers without imposing notarial form on ordinary digital commerce. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, doctrinal, and functional-comparative approaches, this article develops a selective five-layer model of notarial authentication for high-risk electronic consumer agreements. The model integrates identity verification, meaningful-consent confirmation, content-integrity preservation, disclosure certification, and redress-oriented evidence custody. Its novelty lies in conceptualizing notarial authentication not as signature validation or mandatory notarization, but as a proportional, consumer-centered, evidence-oriented, and preventive-justice mechanism. The framework is intended for transactions presenting heightened indicators such as significant value, long-term obligations, embedded financing, cross-border elements, sensitive data, or clauses limiting consumer rights. Properly designed safeguards can strengthen consumer autonomy, privacy and informational self-determination, equality for vulnerable users, and access to effective remedies while preserving the efficiency of ordinary online transactions. The article concludes that regulatory clarification, procedural standards, professional competence, and institutional coordination are necessary to make selective electronic notarial authentication a credible trust infrastructure for digital consumer justice.
Co-Authors Budi Santoso Dita Perwitasari Marcella Selvi Arliani Yunanto Yunanto Zainur Rahman