Emira Nurfitria Muhammad
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Literature Review: Independence Training, Strategies, and Life Skills for Children with Intellectual Disabilities Qurotul Ishaqiyah; Risa Safira Ramadhani; Azizah Dwi Fadilah; Anindhita Nanda Pradina; Emira Nurfitria Muhammad; Indra Amsal
Proceedings Series of Educational Studies 2026: International Conference on Educational Management and Technology (5th ICEMT 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Special education, also known as exceptional education, is designed for students who experience physical, emotional, mental, or social barriers, as stated in Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System. Its primary goal is to provide equal opportunities for students with special needs to develop their abilities and achieve optimal independence. Independence is a crucial aspect for children with intellectual disabilities, encompassing self-care and social adaptation skills. Through the development of life skills, these children are trained to meet daily needs such as dressing, eating, and maintaining personal hygiene. Practice-based training with an individualized approach has proven effective in enhancing their independence. Environmental support and appropriate teaching strategies play a significant role in helping children with intellectual disabilities realize their potential, improve their quality of life, and participate positively within society.
Literature Review: Direct (Concrete) Experience-Based Learning Strategies and Emotional Support and Motivation for Visually Impaired Children Azizah Dwi Fadilah; Muchamad Irvan; Qurotul Ishaqiyah; Anindhita Nanda Pradina; Emira Nurfitria Muhammad; Rahmiati Rahmiati
Proceedings Series of Educational Studies 2026: International Conference on Educational Management and Technology (5th ICEMT 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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This literature review aims to analyze the effectiveness of learning strategies based on experiential learning and emotional and motivational support in enhancing the learning effectiveness of visually impaired children in inclusive schools. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by examining ten academic articles published between 2022 and 2025 that focus on the education of children with special needs. The analysis revealed that visual impairments cause visually impaired children to face barriers in understanding abstract concepts presented visually, so they require concrete experiences to fully grasp the learning material. Experiential learning strategies have proven effective because they enable children to learn through tactile, auditory, and kinesthetic activities that stimulate cognitive processes and enhance active engagement. Furthermore, emotional support from teachers—in the form of empathy, psychological support, and positive reinforcement—plays a crucial role in building students’ self-confidence and intrinsic motivation. The synergy between concrete experiences and emotional support results in more meaningful and humanistic learning that focuses not only on academic outcomes but also on the psychological well-being of visually impaired children. This study underscores the importance of the teacher’s role as a facilitator who understands students’ emotional needs and individual learning characteristics. Further research is recommended to test the effectiveness of these strategies through an empirical approach in inclusive schools to obtain practical data that supports the development of adaptive learning models for students with visual impairments.
Assistive Reading Technology for Blind Children: A Literature Review of Developments in the Last Five Years (2022–2026) Grace Elinda; Risa Safira Ramadhani; Keyne Berly Clorinda; Emira Nurfitria Muhammad; Anisa Ruwaidah; Qurotul Ishaqiyah
Proceedings Series of Educational Studies 2026: International Conference on Educational Management and Technology (5th ICEMT 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Reading is a foundational skill for blind children, yet limited access to sensory accessible reading materials remains a major barrier in their education. Over the past decade, rapid advances in assistive technology ranging from RFID and computer vision-based devices for braille learning, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) text readers, artificial intelligence (AI)-based smart glasses, to adaptive audio learning platforms have opened up new opportunities to support literacy among blind children. This article presents a narrative literature review of 20 publications from 2022–2026 discussing assistive technology for reading among blind children and individuals, gathered from academic search databases and filtered for relevance to the topic. Thematic synthesis grouped the findings into six categories: (1) tactile braille-based technology; (2) OCR and TTS based text reading devices; (3) AI-based visual assistance and smart glasses; (4) audio learning platforms and AI-based personalization; (5) implementation, perception, and school readiness; and (6) dimensions of context, equity, and family. The review results show that innovation in assistive reading technology is moving from single-function tactile devices toward integrated multimodal systems, but most available research consists of small-scale engineering prototypes that have not been widely tested on populations of blind children in real school settings. Gaps were also found in cost affordability in low- and middle-income countries, teacher readiness, standardized assessment tools for assistive technology skills, and the affective and family dimensions of shared reading practices. This article concludes with recommendations for future research to strengthen child-user-based evaluation, cost-effectiveness studies in developing-country contexts including Indonesia, and the development of standardized assessment instruments.