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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollutant Exposure on Kidney Histological Structure and Renal Function in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) from Urban Waters Dwight Soukotta; Cindy Regina M Loppies; Edir Lokollo
Fauna: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hewani Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni : Fauna : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hewani
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Tanaman Dan Hewani Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/fauna.v2i1.497

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in urban aquatic environments represents an important threat to fish health because persistent metals can bioaccumulate and induce structural and functional alterations in vital organs. This study aimed to evaluate the association between lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) exposure and renal histopathological alterations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from contaminated urban waters. A quantitative observational comparative approach was applied by examining fish from contaminated and reference sites. Heavy metal concentrations were determined in water and kidney tissues, while renal alterations were assessed through Hematoxylin–Eosin histopathology and semi-quantitative lesion scoring. Urea and creatinine were evaluated as complementary renal indicators, and correlation analysis was performed to examine associations among metal burdens, tissue damage, and biochemical alterations. Fish from contaminated sites exhibited higher metal accumulation and more severe tubular degeneration, epithelial vacuolation, tubular necrosis, glomerular abnormalities, vascular congestion, and inflammatory responses. Heavy metal concentrations were positively associated with renal damage severity, with cadmium showing the strongest relationship. These findings demonstrate that integrating metal accumulation, renal histopathology, and biochemical indicators provides a comprehensive approach for assessing contaminant-associated fish health and supports common carp as a potential sentinel species for urban freshwater biomonitoring.
Effects of Carrageenan Concentration in Culture Medium on the Growth, Filament Morphology, and Biochemical Composition of Spirulina platensis as a Fish Feed Ingredient Dwight Soukotta; Beni Setha; Cindy Regina M Loppies
Habitat: Jurnal ilmiah ilmu Hewani dan Peternakan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Februari : Habitat : Jurnal ilmiah ilmu Hewani dan Peternakan
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Tanaman Dan Hewani Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/habitat.v3i1.508

Abstract

Spirulina platensis has considerable potential as a functional fish-feed ingredient because of its high protein content, natural pigments, and bioactive compounds. However, cultivation conditions must be optimized to produce biomass with stable growth, filament integrity, and biochemical quality. This study evaluated the effects of carrageenan concentration in culture media on the physical characteristics, biomass growth, filament morphology, and biochemical composition of S. platensis. A laboratory experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design comprising four carrageenan treatments: 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15%, with three independent replications. The measured parameters included pH, temperature, viscosity, biomass density, dry biomass, specific growth rate, biomass productivity, filament length, fragmentation percentage, crude protein, phycocyanin, chlorophyll, and moisture content. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Carrageenan significantly increased medium viscosity without substantially changing pH or temperature. The 0.10% treatment produced the highest biomass density, dry biomass, specific growth rate, and biomass productivity. It also generated the longest filaments, lowest fragmentation percentage, and highest protein, phycocyanin, and chlorophyll contents. Conversely, the 0.15% treatment reduced growth, filament integrity, and biochemical quality, indicating that excessive viscosity may restrict light penetration, aeration, mixing, and nutrient transfer. The findings demonstrate that 0.10% carrageenan provides the most favorable cultivation conditions among the tested concentrations. This concentration can be considered for producing high-quality S. platensis biomass, although direct feeding trials are required to confirm its digestibility, biological effectiveness, and economic feasibility in aquaculture.