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Curriculum Reform or Structural Equity? A Multilevel Analysis of Indonesia’s PISA Performance Across Eight Cycles, 2000-2022 Nur Azizah Nasution; Valid Hasyimi
Educational Journal of Learning Technology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Educational Journal of Learning Technology (Juni-September 2026)
Publisher : South Sulawesi Education Development (SSED)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58230/edutech.v4i1.113

Abstract

This study examines whether curriculum era shifts correlate with Indonesia's PISA score fluctuations. Using multilevel regression on eight PISA cycles (2000–2022) with controls for population coverage and test modes, complemented by semi-structured interviews with six policy informants, curriculum changes showed no significant relationship with scores. Conversely, structural factors like socioeconomic status, urban-rural location, and grade repetition consistently predicted performance. Findings indicate student achievement depends on structural conditions rather than curriculum overhauls. Policy resources should therefore target educational equity, teacher feedback, and socioeconomic support rather than frequent curriculum changes.