<![CDATA[The Emergency Installation (IGD) operates 24 hours and must deliver fast, accurate, and high-quality care, yet increasing patient visits and acuity may cause overcrowding, prolonged waiting times, safety risks, and reduced satisfaction. This study aimed to analyse factors associated with patient waiting time at the Emergency Installation of Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital Yayasan-UMI, focusing on registration, human resources, and facilities/infrastructure. An analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2025, with data collected across morning, afternoon, and night shifts through service-flow observation and questionnaires. A total of 90 respondents (estimated population 900) were included using the Slovin formula (10% error) and total sampling based on inclusion criteria. Waiting time was defined as the duration from registration until receiving services or transfer. Data were analysed using univariate statistics and Chi-square tests in SPSS, and ethical approval recommendation was obtained (No: 502/A.1/KEP-UMI/VII/2025). Most respondents experienced fast waiting time (56/90; 62.22%), while 37.78% experienced slow waiting time. Registration was rated fast by 62.22% of respondents, human resources were rated adequate by 72.22%, and facilities/infrastructure by 82.22%. Significant relationships were found between waiting time and registration (p=0.005), human resources (p=0.007), and facilities/infrastructure (p=0.005). The findings suggest that improving registration efficiency, staffing distribution, and facility readiness can reduce waiting time and strengthen service quality. The novelty of this study lies in simultaneously examining these three operational factors in one integrated analysis within this hospital’s IGD, addressing a local research gap.]]>
