<![CDATA[Active student participation is an important indicator of successful Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning. This study aimed to analyze student participation in the use of various PJOK learning media implemented by pre-service teachers in the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) using the Academic Learning Time–Physical Education (ALT-PE) framework. The study employed an observational survey method using the ALT-PE instrument, which categorizes learning time into Activity (A), Instruction (I), Management (M), and Waiting (W). The learning media observed included game modification equipment (cones), instructional worksheets, and mats. The results showed that student participation varied across the different types of learning media. Instructional worksheets generated the highest percentage of active participation, reaching 56% and 58%, followed by game modification media (cones) with 36% and 55%. In contrast, mats were characterized by a high proportion of waiting time, accounting for 92% and 86% of the observed learning sessions, resulting in relatively low levels of active participation. These findings indicate that learning media that allow simultaneous student involvement and provide clear learning guidance tend to enhance student engagement during PJOK lessons. Therefore, selecting appropriate learning media and managing instructional activities effectively are essential for optimizing student participation and maximizing Academic Learning Time in Physical Education.]]>
