<![CDATA[The rapid advancement of information technology in the digital era necessitates a transformation in Islamic Religious Education is known in Indonesia as Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) through innovative instructional design to address the challenges of low student religious literacy. This study aims to analyze the learning design of e-learning-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in improving students’ religious literacy. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research through the analysis of various relevant literature sources. The results of the study show that learning design is the main foundation in the learning process which includes the formulation of objectives, preparation of materials, selection of methods, use of media, and systematic evaluation of learning. The integration of e-learning in learning design does not only serve as a medium, but as part of a learning system that allows for flexibility, interactivity, and independent learning. The implementation of e-learning in PAI learning is able to improve students’ religious literacy through broad access to learning resources, online discussions, and reflective and contextual learning. However, there are several challenges, such as limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and suboptimal learning design. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the competence of educators and develop an integrated learning design so that e-learning-based PAI learning can run effectively.]]>
