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Comparative Study of Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) Kernel Oil Obtained from Mechanical and Chemical Extraction for Biofuel Production Hanifah Widiastuti; Meiti Pratiwi; Godlief F. Neonufa; Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja; Tirto Prakoso
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) contains oil around 40-73% in its seed. It has recently gained recognition as a potential source for biofuel production. The oil recovery process from renewable sources such as nyamplung is widely carried out by using chemical extraction with solvents. Nevertheless, this method is considered costly and there are safety issues as well as environmental concerns related to the solvents used. Therefore, mechanical extraction has emerged as an alternative method. In this study, the nyamplung oil recovered by mechanical extraction via hydraulic press and chemical extraction utilizing Soxhlet extraction was compared. Soxhlet extraction was carried out by using n-hexane as a solvent with a temperature of 70 oC for 5 hours. Before the extraction process, the kernel was initially pretreated to reduce the particle sizes and the water content. The results show that the oil yield recovered using the hydraulic press is 58%, which is comparable with the value obtained from Soxhlet extraction (65%). The oil characteristics were also compared, and the profiling shows no significant difference in the properties (saponification value, acid value, and iodine value) of oils recovered using both methods. The composition of fatty acids was also analyzed for utilization as a biofuel feedstock. Higher content of oleic acid was observed in oil resulted from chemical extraction while mechanical extraction yielded oil with higher palmitic acid content.A B S T R A KNyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) mengandung minyak sebesar 40-73% dalam bijinya dan belakangan ini diakui sebagai sumber potensial untuk pembuatan biofuel. Proses perolehan minyak nabati dari biji nyamplung pada umumnya dilakukan menggunakan ekstraksi kimia dengan pelarut. Akan tetapi, metode ini cenderung berbiaya tinggi serta memiliki isu berkaitan dengan keselamatan proses dan dampak lingkungan berkaitan dengan penggunaan pelarut. Oleh karena itu, metode ekstraksi mekanis banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif metode ekstraksi minyak. Dalam penelitian ini, hasil perolehan minyak nyamplung melalui penekanan hidrolik dibandingkan dengan hasil dari ekstraksi Soxhlet. Ekstraksi Soxhlet dilakukan dengan pelarut n-heksana pada suhu 70 oC selama 5 jam. Sebelum proses ekstraksi, biji nyamplung mengalami perlakuan awal terlebih dahulu dengan cara digiling untuk mengurangi ukuran biji dan dipanaskan untuk mengurangi kadar air. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa yield minyak dari ektraksi mekanik sebesar 58% sementara yield dari ekstraksi Soxhlet adalah 65%. Karakteristik minyak yang dihasilkan melalui kedua metode ini tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal nilai saponifikasi, nilai asam, dan nilai iodine. Analisis komposisi asam lemak dari kedua minyak yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa minyak yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi kimia mengandung asam oleat dengan persentase yang lebih tinggi sementara minyak dari hasil ekstraksi mekanik memiliki persentase asam palmitat yang lebih tinggi.

Production of Biogasoline via Pyrolysis of Oleic Acid Basic Soaps Endar Puspawiningtiyas; Tirto Prakoso; Meiti Pratiwi; Subagjo Subagjo; Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.11

In this study, an investigation on the effect of the Ca/Mg/Zn mixing ratio on gasoline-range hydrocarbon production by oleic basic soap pyrolysis was carried out. The ratios of calcium to magnesium used were 15%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 85% with constant Zn. Oleic basic soap was obtained by saponification with the modified fusion method. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 450 °C using a semi-continuous reactor with a feed flow rate of 5 g/15 min. The process produced three fractions, i.e., gas, solid, and liquid (bio-hydrocarbon + water). The gas products were characterized by GC-TCD, and the results showed the presence of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and methane. Based on the GC-FID and FT-IR results, the bio-hydrocarbon comprised mainly homologous hydrocarbon from carbon number C7 to C19 containing n-alkanes, alkenes, various iso-alkanes, and some oxygenated compounds. All calcium ratios in the oleic basic soap produced hydrocarbon in the range of gasoline (C7-C11) as the dominant product. The maximum yield of gasoline (74.86%) was achieved at 15% calcium.

Comparison of Liquid Product Characteristics of PFAD Metal Soap Decarboxylation by Batch and Continuous Process Godlief F. Neonufa; Lidya Elizabeth; Endar Puspawiningtiyas; Meiti Pratiwi; Astri Nur Istyami; Ronny Purwadi; Tatang H. Soerawidjaja
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 53 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.3.11

Well-run continuous processes will benefit the industrial world in the future. This paper investigated the effect of batch and continuous processes on metal basic soap decarboxylation in terms of the liquid product characteristics. The metal soap used in the process was made from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) reacted with mixed metal oxides of Zn, Mg, and Ca. While the batch decarboxylation was carried out in a batch reactor at 400 °C for 5 hours, the continuous decarboxylation was conducted at 400 °C with a feed flow rate of 3.75 gr/minutes. Theoretically, the yield of batch decarboxylation is 76.6 wt% while the yield of continuous decarboxylation is 73.37 wt%. The liquid product was fractionated to separate short-chain hydrocarbon of C7-C10 (gasoline fractions) from medium- to long-chain hydrocarbons, or greater than C11 (green diesel fraction). The result showed that the alkane content from the batch process was higher than from the continuous process, whereas the continuous process produced more ketone products compared to the batch process. Furthermore, the GC-FID analysis showed a similar amount of total hydrocarbon (alkane, iso-alkane, and alkene) in both the batch and the continuous process.

Comparative Study of Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) Kernel Oil Obtained from Mechanical and Chemical Extraction for Biofuel Production Hanifah Widiastuti; Meiti Pratiwi; Godlief F. Neonufa; Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja; Tirto Prakoso
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) contains oil around 40-73% in its seed. It has recently gained recognition as a potential source for biofuel production. The oil recovery process from renewable sources such as nyamplung is widely carried out by using chemical extraction with solvents. Nevertheless, this method is considered costly and there are safety issues as well as environmental concerns related to the solvents used. Therefore, mechanical extraction has emerged as an alternative method. In this study, the nyamplung oil recovered by mechanical extraction via hydraulic press and chemical extraction utilizing Soxhlet extraction was compared. Soxhlet extraction was carried out by using n-hexane as a solvent with a temperature of 70 oC for 5 hours. Before the extraction process, the kernel was initially pretreated to reduce the particle sizes and the water content. The results show that the oil yield recovered using the hydraulic press is 58%, which is comparable with the value obtained from Soxhlet extraction (65%). The oil characteristics were also compared, and the profiling shows no significant difference in the properties (saponification value, acid value, and iodine value) of oils recovered using both methods. The composition of fatty acids was also analyzed for utilization as a biofuel feedstock. Higher content of oleic acid was observed in oil resulted from chemical extraction while mechanical extraction yielded oil with higher palmitic acid content.A B S T R A KNyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) mengandung minyak sebesar 40-73% dalam bijinya dan belakangan ini diakui sebagai sumber potensial untuk pembuatan biofuel. Proses perolehan minyak nabati dari biji nyamplung pada umumnya dilakukan menggunakan ekstraksi kimia dengan pelarut. Akan tetapi, metode ini cenderung berbiaya tinggi serta memiliki isu berkaitan dengan keselamatan proses dan dampak lingkungan berkaitan dengan penggunaan pelarut. Oleh karena itu, metode ekstraksi mekanis banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif metode ekstraksi minyak. Dalam penelitian ini, hasil perolehan minyak nyamplung melalui penekanan hidrolik dibandingkan dengan hasil dari ekstraksi Soxhlet. Ekstraksi Soxhlet dilakukan dengan pelarut n-heksana pada suhu 70 oC selama 5 jam. Sebelum proses ekstraksi, biji nyamplung mengalami perlakuan awal terlebih dahulu dengan cara digiling untuk mengurangi ukuran biji dan dipanaskan untuk mengurangi kadar air. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa yield minyak dari ektraksi mekanik sebesar 58% sementara yield dari ekstraksi Soxhlet adalah 65%. Karakteristik minyak yang dihasilkan melalui kedua metode ini tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal nilai saponifikasi, nilai asam, dan nilai iodine. Analisis komposisi asam lemak dari kedua minyak yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa minyak yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi kimia mengandung asam oleat dengan persentase yang lebih tinggi sementara minyak dari hasil ekstraksi mekanik memiliki persentase asam palmitat yang lebih tinggi.

Utilization of Tamarind Seeds Extract as a Natural and Sustainable Fabric Dye Istyami, Astri Nur; Arif, Muhammad; Azzindi, Muhammad Ilham; Pratiwi, Meiti; Adisasmito, Sanggono; Damayanti, Nuning Yanti; Bustomi, Agus Tendi Ahmad; Rizkiana, Jenny
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 11 No 3 (2024): Edition for January 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2024.11-ast

This research focuses on the use of tannin components in tamarind seed coats as a mordant and natural dye in cotton fabrics. Tannins were extracted from the tamarind seed coat by boiling method and then the tannin content was determined. The tannin extract was then used as a natural mordant with the addition of metallic copper sulfate (CuSO4) mordant. Tannin extract is also used as a dye on fabrics with the addition of sodium sulfate (NaSO4). The color strength of the tannins in the fabric was analyzed using a spectrophotometer from the rinse water. The results showed that the cloth that had been given the mordant had a stronger color strength than the cloth without the mordant. The use of mordant was varied at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%-owf. The results of the analysis showed the most optimum tannin concentration at 15%-owf. The concentration of tannin used in the coloring process was also varied at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%-owf. The results of the analysis show that the concentration of tannin used in the dye does not affect the strength of the color, but only affects the brightness of this color.

Comparative study of nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) kernel oil obtained from mechanical and chemical extraction for biofuel production Hanifah Widiastuti; Meiti Pratiwi; Godlief F. Neonufa; Tatang H. Soerawidjaja; Tirto Prakoso
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13 No 2 (2019): Volume 13, Number 2, 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.42816

Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) contains oil around 40-73% in its seed. It has recently gained recognition as a potential source for biofuel production. The oil recovery process from renewable sources such as nyamplung is widely carried out by using chemical extraction with solvents. Nevertheless, this method is considered costly and there are safety issues as well as environmental concerns related to the solvents used. Therefore, mechanical extraction has emerged as an alternative method. In this study, the nyamplung oil recovered by mechanical extraction via hydraulic press and chemical extraction utilizing Soxhlet extraction was compared. Soxhlet extraction was carried out by using n-hexane as a solvent with a temperature of 70 oC for 5 hours. Before the extraction process, the kernel was initially pretreated to reduce the particle sizes and the water content. The results show that the oil yield recovered using the hydraulic press is 58%, which is comparable with the value obtained from Soxhlet extraction (65%). The oil characteristics were also compared, and the profiling shows no significant difference in the properties (saponification value, acid value, and iodine value) of oils recovered using both methods. The composition of fatty acids was also analyzed for utilization as a biofuel feedstock. Higher content of oleic acid was observed in oil resulted from chemical extraction while mechanical extraction yielded oil with higher palmitic acid content.

Hidrogenasi Hidrotermal Katalitik Asam Oleat dengan Produksi Hidrogen secara in-situ Menggunakan Katalis NiO/y-Al2O3 Nainggolan, Federiko Markus Lasardo; Tirto Prakoso; Meiti Pratiwi
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 22 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol22no2.580

Hydrogenation reaction is one of the most important reactions for the oleochemical industry to convert unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids and their derivatives. The need for large amounts of hydrogen in hydrogenation reactions will be a problem in terms of hydrogen availability and economy. Catalytic hydrothermal technology offers several advantages including the ability to produce hydrogen in-situ. The focus of this research is to evaluate the effect of metal charge addition on the catalyst, the effect of tin addition on NiO/y-Al2O3 catalyst and the effect of glycerol addition as a source of H2 production in-situ on the hydrogenation conversion of oleic acid. The catalyst was prepared by dry impregnation method. XRD, XRF and BET characterization of the catalysts confirmed the presence of Ni and Sn metals on the catalysts. Hydrogenation conversion in the reaction without glycerol using NiO/y-Al2O3 catalyst at 300oC for 6 hours did not show significant changes with the addition of metal loading. However, the addition of Sn metal increased the selectivity of in-situ H2 production used to hydrogenate oleic acid with a hydrogenation conversion of 36%. The addition of glycerol to the reactants also increased the hydrogenation conversion compared to the reaction without glycerol.

Pemodelan Proses dan Evaluasi Ekonomi Produksi Bio-Oil dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Fanany, Muhammad Rifki; Septhian Marno; Tirto Prakoso; Aqsha Aqsha; Astri Nur Istyami; Meiti Pratiwi; Indarto, Antonius
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 22 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol22no2.587

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are solid waste which is the residue from processing palm oil into crude palm oil (CPO). The high number of OPEFB produced requires proper handling to minimize the negative impact on the surrounding environment. One of the solutions to deal with this is to process OPEFB into bio-oil using fast pyrolysis technology. Before applying the process in the real world, it is necessary to do an economic evaluation first to find out whether the process can be economically profitable. This study aims to carry out an economic evaluation of the bio-oil production process made from OPEFB using fast pyrolysis technology. Aspen Plus was used in this study to carry out process modeling, while the economic evaluation was based on several literatures such as previous books and journals. Based on the results of the economic evaluation, the total capital cost (TCC) required to build this facility is USD 1,152,686 with an operating expenditure (OpEx) of USD 168,107. Then, from the economic indicators in the form of payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR), this facility takes 4 years to reach PBP with an IRR of 22%.

Simulasi Dinamik Pengoperasian Kompresor Sentrifugal Multitahap untuk Mengatasi Penurunan Tekanan Sumur Gas Pratiwi, Meiti; Dwi Savitri, Nike; Ramli, Yusrin; Sasongko, Dwiwahju; Indarto, Antonius
Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi Vol 15 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Instrumentasi dan Otomasi (PTIO) - Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/joki.2023.15.1.4

Currently, the utilization of natural gas as an energy source needs to be optimized due to its increasing demand. The utilization of natural gas to produce LNG requires a high-pressure operating system of 1000 psig. The installation of a multistage centrifugal compressor unit is essential to maintain the operating pressure when there is a decrease in the feed gas pressure from natural gas wells. This study aims to predict the performance of the compressor that would be used and optimize the compressor operating conditions to satisfy the specifications of the gas selling pressure. In this study, simulations were conducted on how to maintain the stability of the feed operating pressure in the case of a drop in the gas source pressure from 1000 psig to 200 psig over a period of 15 years. Herein, the gas flow rate under normal conditions is 80 MMSCFD with a gas flow rate variation under surge (minimum) and maximum conditions of 110% × normal flow rate. By using the compressor map prediction curve and Hysys simulation under dynamic conditions, the compressor performance can be analyzed and then used for process requirements in the field.

Purification Optimization of Biodiesel Derived from Glyceroxide-Catalyzed Transesterification Nur Azura; Tirto Prakoso; Meiti Pratiwi
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Volume 9, No 2 December 2025
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v9i2.113221

ABSTRACT. The washing stage is a critical step in biodiesel purification because it determines the total glycerol and water contents, which directly affect final fuel quality. This study aims to optimize the washing conditions of biodiesel produced from palm oil transesterification using sodium glyceroxide catalyst and to compare its characteristics with biodiesel produced using NaOH catalyst. Optimization was carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD), in which the washing water to biodiesel ratio and washing temperature were used as independent variables, while total glycerol content and biodiesel water content were used as response variables. ANOVA analysis indicated that the quadratic model was statistically significant for both responses (p < 0.05), with the washing water to biodiesel ratio being the most dominant factor. The surface and contour plots revealed non-linear behavior at each optimization point. The optimum washing conditions were achieved at a water to biodiesel ratio of 1:1.9 and a washing temperature of 59 oC. The washing results demonstrated that biodiesel produced using sodium glyceroxide catalyst had lower total glycerol content and water content compared to biodiesel using NaOH catalyst, with reductions of 14.28% and 16.30%, respectively. These findings indicate that the use of sodium glyceroxide catalyst produces biodiesel that is easier to purify through the washing process and has better overall quality compared to biodiesel produced with NaOH catalyst. Keywords:Biodiesel, CCD, RSM, Sodium glyceroxide, Washing

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