Elementary school students’ scientific literacy skills still need to be strengthened through learning materials that connect scientific concepts with real-life contexts. This study aimed to develop science literacy-based Student Worksheets (LKPD) on ecosystem material and to examine their validity, effectiveness, and practicality in improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg and Gall model, implemented up to the eighth stage. The effectiveness trial involved 56 fifth-grade students at SDN Tegal Besar 02 Jember, divided into an experimental class and a control class, with 28 students in each group. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The validation results showed feasibility scores of 85.4% for the media aspect, 87.2% for the language aspect, and 89.0% for the content aspect, all of which were categorized as highly feasible. Learning outcome analysis showed a t value of 7.587, which exceeded the t-table value of 1.673, while the experimental class obtained an N-Gain score of 0.57 or 57.48%, categorized as moderate/fairly effective. The relative effectiveness test yielded a score of 47.87%, indicating a moderate level of effectiveness. The practicality of the LKPD, based on student responses, reached 84.92% and was categorized as highly practical. Therefore, the developed science literacy-based LKPD met the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and practicality and showed potential to support students’ learning outcomes on ecosystem material.