<![CDATA[Introduction: This study aimed to provide preliminary validation of a second-order Safety Culture Maturity (SCM) measurement model and to propose a conceptual roadmap for future organisation-level maturity assessment in the Indonesian garment industry. The model comprised communication, organisational learning, management commitment, and employee involvement. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire. The initial 20-item instrument underwent expert-based content validation before confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 178 complete responses were obtained from workers at 10 garment companies belonging to two industry groups in the Surakarta region. A second-order CFA was estimated using maximum likelihood with robust Huber–White standard errors and the Yuan–Bentler scaled test. The questionnaire assessed workers’ perceptions at one point in time; company-level maturity classification was outside the scope of the design. Results: Seventeen items met the content-validity retention threshold. The final 13-item second-order CFA model showed good fit: Yuan–Bentler χ² (60) = 74.8, p = 0.094; SRMR = 0.029; robust RMSEA = 0.046, 95% CI [0.000, 0.076]; robust CFI = 0.989; and robust TLI = 0.986. Standardised first-order loadings ranged from 0.768 to 0.908, and standardised second-order loadings ranged from 0.930 to 0.997. Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.836 to 0.920, and AVE ranged from 0.641 to 0.747. One within-construct residual covariance between safety planning and safety budgeting was retained. Six salient indicators, interpreted alongside prior maturity-model literature, informed a four-stage conceptual roadmap for developing future organisation-level maturity criteria. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary empirical support for a four-dimensional, perception-based SCM measurement model in the present sample. The model offers an empirical foundation for developing stage-specific organisation-level maturity criteria, and the conceptual roadmap defines the next phase of cross-company, longitudinal, and predictive validation.]]>
