Sujono
Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma, Jakarta, Indonesia

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Jurdical Analysis of China’s Nine-Dash Line Claim to Indonesia’s Sovereign Rights in the North Natuna Sea Based on International Law of the Sea Hendra K; Sujono; Bambang Widarto
Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (SIJAL) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (October - December 2026)
Publisher : Siber Nusantara Review & Yayasan Sinergi Inovasi Bersama (SIBER)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/sijal.v4i2.430

Abstract

This research is motivated by China's "Nine-Dash Line" claim, which raises legal issues regarding Indonesia's sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea and tests the effectiveness of international law of the sea. The study aims to analyze the legal basis and legitimacy of the Nine-Dash Line claim under the 1982 UNCLOS, as well as Indonesia's legal position in upholding its sovereign rights. A normative-juridical research method is employed, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches through the study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that the Nine-Dash Line claim lacks a legal basis capable of overriding the 1982 UNCLOS regime, particularly the provisions concerning the Exclusive Economic Zone. The 2016 South China Sea arbitration ruling reinforces the rejection of claims to historic rights that exceed maritime entitlements under UNCLOS. Indonesia holds a strong legal position to defend its sovereign rights through law enforcement, diplomacy, and regional international cooperation.
Construction of Criminal Responsibility in Social Media-Based Child Exploitation Crimes in Indonesia Toisah; Diding Rahmat; Sujono
Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (SIJAL) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (October - December 2026)
Publisher : Siber Nusantara Review & Yayasan Sinergi Inovasi Bersama (SIBER)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/sijal.v4i2.436

Abstract

The evolution of social media has fostered new forms of child engagement in the digital sphere including content creation, live streaming, and monetization activities which, under certain circumstances, can escalate into the exploitation of children for economic gain. This research examines the legal framework and the parameters of criminal offenses regarding social media-based child exploitation within the Indonesian criminal justice system, as well as the construction of criminal liability for perpetrators, analyzed through the lenses of culpability, digital economic motives, and the perpetrator's role. The study employs a normative-juridical method utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, drawing upon an analysis of legislation, legal doctrine, academic literature, and court rulings. The findings indicate that social media-based child exploitation falls within the scope of the Child Protection Law, the ITE Law, the National Criminal Code, and Government Regulation No. 17 of 2025, although an adaptive interpretation is required to address evolving digital. Criminal liability is predicated on culpability, intent, economic motives, and the perpetrator's contribution, substantiated through electronic evidence.