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Diskursus Mengenai Keadilan Sosial: Kajian Teori Keadilan dalam Liberalisme Locke, Persamaan Marx, dan 'Justice as Fairness' Rawls Alwino, Alfensius
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 32 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Through the history of philosophy, the theme of justice has become a very important topic. Thinkers of the theories such as utilitarianism, intuitionism, eudaimonism, perfectionism, liberalism, communitarianism, and socialism have discussed the theme. As French philosopher Alain Badiou has pointed out, the central of political studies from the time of Plato to the present day is justice. The question is what is justice? For John Rawls, justice is the supreme virtue of human. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls asserts that justice is the first priority in social institutions, as is truth in the system of thought. A theory, however elegant and economical, must be rejected or revised if it is not true, so the laws and institutions, however efficient and neat, must be reformed or removed if it is unfair. Rawls criticizes the theory of justice in Lockean liberalism and Marxian socialism. Both theories of justice are very strong colouring the landscape of debate on the roots of thinking about justice. For Rawls, liberalism that accentuates basic freedoms can create inequality between people who have better abilities with less fortunate people. Similarly, socialism which accentuates equality ignores basic freedoms. The two theories of justice are considered ideological in the sense that there are hidden interests behind the jargons of freedom and equality. Rawls then develops an abstract theory of justice, in which the participants depart from a veil of ignorance, so that they are free of any interest and ambition. Here they might build a cooperative contract in a society governed by the principles of justice.

Memahami Konsep Kepentingan Diri menurut Agustinus dan Hobbes Alwino, Alfensius
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 34 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

While for Plato, self-interest is a harmonization between reason, emotion, and lust, for Augustine, it is a dark act rooted in self-love. Plato is of the opinion that emotions and passions must be subordinated to reason. Augustine believes that reason, emotion, and lust are to be subjugated to the absolute God since God is the source of harmony. Hobbes dismisses the idea of God as the source of harmony because God is considered as a metaphysical concept that is incomprehensible and cannot be proven empirically. Hobbes’ approach is scientific and empirical. A society should be based not on the idea of God as the source of harmony, but on the power of the leviathan, because in Hobbes’ view the natural state of humans is bellum omnium contra omnes.

Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Teknologi dan Nilai Keagamaan Tarliman, Arieldhipta; Widjaja, Justin Hartanto; Yusach, Kelvin Jonathan; Wilison, Marcelline Cathrine; Cahyadi, Natasha Kayla; Wirawan, Nathan Otniel Halim; Aryusmar, Aryusmar; Alwino, Alfensius
Jurnal Humaniora, Ekonomi Syariah dan Muamalah Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Humaniora, Ekonomi Syariah dan Muamalah (Januari - Maret 2025)
Publisher : Siber Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jhesm.v3i1.284

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengelolaan sampah berbasis teknologi dan nilai keagamaan di kawasan Pantai Ancol yang menghadapi tantangan besar akibat tingginya sampah yang tidak terkelola. Indonesia sebagai negara maritim memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Sayangnya, pencemaran lingkungan, khususnya sampah di pesisir, telah mengancam ekosistem laut, menurunkan daya tarik wisata, serta mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pola perilaku masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah dan mengeksplorasi integrasi nilai keagamaan sebagai upaya peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif, penelitian ini melibatkan observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dengan pengelola dan masyarakat setempat, serta dokumentasi kondisi Pantai Ancol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas sampah berasal dari aktivitas pengunjung dan aliran sungai. Dampak utama meliputi pencemaran ekosistem laut, penurunan kualitas destinasi wisata, dan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat. Meski upaya pengelolaan telah dilakukan, seperti penyediaan tempat sampah strategis dan peningkatan jumlah petugas kebersihan, partisipasi masyarakat masih rendah. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap bahwa nilai-nilai keagamaan seperti kebersihan sebagai bagian dari iman dapat digunakan untuk membangun kesadaran kolektif dalam menjaga lingkungan. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan perlunya pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan teknologi dan nilai spiritual untuk menciptakan pengelolaan sampah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Solusi ini diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi Pantai Ancol sekaligus menjadi model untuk kawasan pesisir lainnya di Indonesia.

Diskursus Mengenai Keadilan Sosial: Kajian Teori Keadilan dalam Liberalisme Locke, Persamaan Marx, dan 'Justice as Fairness' Rawls Alwino, Alfensius
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 32 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v32i3.2696.309-328

Through the history of philosophy, the theme of justice has become a very important topic. Thinkers of the theories such as utilitarianism, intuitionism, eudaimonism, perfectionism, liberalism, communitarianism, and socialism have discussed the theme. As French philosopher Alain Badiou has pointed out, the central of political studies from the time of Plato to the present day is justice. The question is what is justice? For John Rawls, justice is the supreme virtue of human. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls asserts that justice is the first priority in social institutions, as is truth in the system of thought. A theory, however elegant and economical, must be rejected or revised if it is not true, so the laws and institutions, however efficient and neat, must be reformed or removed if it is unfair. Rawls criticizes the theory of justice in Lockean liberalism and Marxian socialism. Both theories of justice are very strong colouring the landscape of debate on the roots of thinking about justice. For Rawls, liberalism that accentuates basic freedoms can create inequality between people who have better abilities with less fortunate people. Similarly, socialism which accentuates equality ignores basic freedoms. The two theories of justice are considered ideological in the sense that there are hidden interests behind the jargons of freedom and equality. Rawls then develops an abstract theory of justice, in which the participants depart from a veil of ignorance, so that they are free of any interest and ambition. Here they might build a cooperative contract in a society governed by the principles of justice.

Memahami Konsep Kepentingan Diri menurut Agustinus dan Hobbes Alwino, Alfensius
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 34 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v34i3.3458.233-247

While for Plato, self-interest is a harmonization between reason, emotion, and lust, for Augustine, it is a dark act rooted in self-love. Plato is of the opinion that emotions and passions must be subordinated to reason. Augustine believes that reason, emotion, and lust are to be subjugated to the absolute God since God is the source of harmony. Hobbes dismisses the idea of God as the source of harmony because God is considered as a metaphysical concept that is incomprehensible and cannot be proven empirically. Hobbes’ approach is scientific and empirical. A society should be based not on the idea of God as the source of harmony, but on the power of the leviathan, because in Hobbes’ view the natural state of humans is bellum omnium contra omnes.

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