<![CDATA[This study is urgent because there is a need to enhance elementary students’ learning motivation in understanding simple electric circuits through interactive PhET-supported inquiry learning. This study aimed to describe the implementation of PhET-supported inquiry learning, changes in student activity and adaptation across cycles, and changes in learning motivation while learning about simple electric circuits. The study employed a two-cycle Classroom Action Research design based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model and involved 19 fifth-grade students at a private Islamic elementary school in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through teacher and student activity observations, a 20-item learning motivation questionnaire, field notes, collaborative reflection, and documentation. In Cycle I, student activity reached 80%, while the mean learning motivation score was 71.84, with 47.37% of students reaching at least the high-motivation category. Reflection on Cycle I indicated that some students were still adapting to the simulation and required technical guidance and support during the inquiry process. Cycle II therefore included more systematic PhET instructions, clearer worksheet procedures, adjusted time allocation for experimentation and discussion, and more targeted teacher support. Following these refinements, student activity reached 100%, the mean motivation score increased to 86.18, and all students (100%) were classified in the high or very high motivation categories. All five motivation indicators also showed higher values in Cycle II. These findings suggest that PhET-supported inquiry learning can support student engagement and learning motivation when the simulation is integrated with structured activities, scaffolding, reflection-driven refinements, and sufficient opportunities for adaptation. The findings are not interpreted as evidence of an isolated causal effect of PhET because the study did not include a control group or a quantitative motivation measure before Cycle I.]]>
