<![CDATA[Facebook is widely used by Indonesian housewives for social, domestic, and economic purposes, yet little is known about whether the intensity of use is related to how they manage their time, and whether this differs between rural and urban settings. This cross-sectional comparative study examined Facebook use intensity, time management, and mental health among housewives in Riau Province, Indonesia. A total of 100 housewives aged 25–50 years (50 from Simaliyang Village, Kampar Regency, representing a rural setting, and 50 from Kampung Melayu, Pekanbaru City, representing an urban setting) were selected by simple random sampling within purposively chosen sites and completed Likert-type scales of Facebook use intensity, time management, and mental health. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent-samples t-tests, and simple linear regression. The rural and urban groups did not differ significantly in age, education, employment, or daily duration of Facebook use. Rural housewives reported higher Facebook use intensity than urban housewives (t(98) = 2.13, p = .036, d = 0.43), whereas time management did not differ between settings (t(98) = −0.37, p = .714). Facebook use intensity was not associated with time management (r = .02, 95% CI [−.18, .22]; F(1, 98) = 0.05, p = .831; R² = .000). Most respondents in both settings fell into the moderate categories of time management and mental health. The findings suggest that the amount of Facebook use alone is a poor indicator of housewives' time management. Future research should examine the purposes of use, self-regulation, and structural factors, and counseling-based digital literacy programs should focus on how, rather than how much, social media is used.]]>
