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All Journal Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram
Palaivia Harman Wardi
University of Mataram
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Mathematics Physics Other

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A Correlation Between Exposure to PM1 from Firewood Burnings in Lombok Island and Erythrocyte Deformations Kasnawi Al Hadi; Arif Budianto; Alfina Taurida Alaydrus; Dian Wijaya Kurniawidi; Palaivia Harman Wardi
Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram Vol. 14 No. 4: October 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/j-ps.v14i4.16656

Abstract

Lombok Island is facing a big issue of emissions. These emissions are easily found in firewood burning in home industry, household, and many others. The emission can be found as PM (particulate matter), while a long-term exposure to PM has a potential to disturb respiratory system. This study aims to investigate the correlation between exposure to firewood burning emission (PM~1~) and erythrocyte deformation levels. Three different firewood samples (pine, teak, and mixed firewood) were used as biomass-burning sources, with each sample burned at three different combustion speeds (fast: 1.8 m/s, medium: 1.2 m/s, and slow: 0.6 m/s). The samples were burnt inside a furnace, while the resulting PM~1~ emissions were exposed to the mice (n=10 per subgroup) as the experimental animal for ten consecutive days (100 s exposure per day). All mice were sacrificed on day 11 to investigate the deformation level under a digital microscope. The results show that firewood burnings generate varied PM~1~ concentrations. The PM~1~ concentrations ranged from 97×10³ to 257×10³ µg/m³ (0.97–2.57 g/m³ in the exposure chamber), depending on the firewood sample. Mixed firewood samples have the highest PM~1~ concentration and erythrocyte deformation level, while teakwood has the smallest values. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between PM~1~ exposure and erythrocyte deformation (β = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.064–0.100, R² = 0.81, p < 0.001). It can be concluded that a higher PM~1~ concentration generates a higher erythrocyte deformation level. A higher combustion speed generates a smaller concentration, resulting in a lower deformation level.
Co-Authors Alfina Taurida Alaydrus Arif Budianto Dian Wijaya Kurniawidi Kasnawi Al Hadi