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All Journal JC-T (Journal Cis-Trans) : Jurnal Kimia dan Terapannya
Saad M. Saeed
Directorate of Education
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Evaluation of C-single C-bond Chemokine Ligand 2 as Biomarkers in COVID-19 Disorders Muayad Al-dulaimi; Saad M. Saeed
JC-T (Journal Cis-Trans) : Jurnal Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um0260v10i12026p014

Abstract

The COVID-19 virus induces physiological alterations in blood composition and biochemical parameters, leading to elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and human C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Given their strong association with the disease, these biomarkers are considered crucial indicators of infection severity. Data analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between inflammatory biomarkers (specifically CCL2, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, and ESR) and COVID-19 disease severity, with CCL2 levels showing a highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in patients compared to healthy controls. Patients were stratified based on disease severity in accordance with the clinical guidelines established by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. These findings highlight the practical clinical diagnostic value of CCL2 in assessing COVID-19 progression.
Co-Authors Muayad Al-dulaimi