<![CDATA[Background: The growing use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in advertising has revolutionized marketing communications and highlighted challenges regarding consumer responses to AI-generated advertising. While previous research has explored particular technology or advertising attributes, few studies have merged AI transparency, AI anthropomorphism, and perceived visual appeal to explain consumer engagement via advertising attitude and brand trust. Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of AI transparency, AI anthropomorphism, and perceived visual appeal on attitude toward AI advertising, brand trust, and consumer engagement, as well as the effects of attitude and trust on consumer engagement. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was adopted. The quantitative data were collected from 220 Indonesian social media users who had been exposed to AI-generated advertisements on platforms including Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, X, WhatsApp, and Facebook Results: Quantitatively, visual appeal significantly influenced all three outcomes, transparency influenced Brand Trust and Consumer Engagement, and anthropomorphism had no significant effects. Attitude and Brand Trust also enhanced engagement. Qualitatively, visual appeal attracted attention, transparency reinforced trust, and anthropomorphism elicited mixed responses depending on naturalness and relatability. Conclusion: Visual appeal and trust-related brand trust play more important roles in consumer engagement with AI-generated advertising than anthropomorphic features alone, highlighting the importance of attractive visuals and credible brand communication assessments are more closely related to consumer engagement than anthropomorphic features alone. Implications: This study adds to the AI advertising literature by merging technological, visual, attitudinal and relational elements and indicates the benefit of integrating PLS-SEM and QNA. The practical implications for marketers are to concentrate on the visual attractiveness and transparency of the advertising on the use of content produced by AI and to ensure organic and believable human-like aspects.]]>
