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All Journal JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health)
Babucarr Jassey
Department of Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, The Quadrangle, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa
Public Health

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Spatial Association Between Dengue Incidence and Larvae-Free Index: A Bivariate Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis in Surabaya, Indonesia Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Ririh Yudhastuti; Lilis Sulistyorini; Hari Basuki Notobroto; Zida Husnina; Muhammad Rasyid Ridha; Babucarr Jassey; Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Diva Alishya Shafwah; Rahmat Dapari; Nafi'atul Irbah; Wira Satya Nugraha Wicaksono
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 18 No. 4 (2026): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v18i4.2026.366-379

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue transmission in Surabaya, Indonesia, varies across urban villages, but its spatial relationship with vector-control performance remains insufficiently understood. This study examined dengue incidence, the Larvae-Free Index (LFI), and their bivariate spatial association. Methods: This spatial ecological study analysed annual confirmed dengue cases and LFI data from all 154 urban villages in Surabaya during 2020–2025, obtained from the Surabaya City Health Office. Incidence was calculated per 10,000 population. Multiplicative seasonal decomposition characterised monthly case patterns. Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) assessed spatial clustering, while Bivariate Moran’s I and Bivariate LISA (BiLISA) examined associations between local dengue incidence and neighbouring LFI values. Results and Discussion: Dengue incidence clustered significantly in five of six years (I = 0.0784–0.2727), except 2024 (I = 0.0280; p = 0.222). LFI clustered significantly every year (I = 0.2190–0.3087; p = 0.001). Bivariate Moran’s I was negative in five years and significant in 2020 (−0.0805; p = 0.022), 2021 (−0.0875; p = 0.019), and 2025 (−0.1046; p = 0.003), indicating spatial associations between higher incidence and lower neighbouring LFI. In 2025, LISA identified 10 High–High and 15 Low–Low dengue clusters. BiLISA identified High–Low villages annually, with Ujung and Pegirian recurring most frequently. Conclusion: Dengue incidence and LFI exhibited spatial clustering, with significant inverse spatial associations in three years. LFI should complement, rather than replace, dengue surveillance when identifying priority areas for targeted vector control.
Co-Authors Aditya Sukma Pawitra Diva Alishya Shafwah Hari Basuki Notobroto Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah Lilis Sulistyorini Muhammad Rasyid Ridha Nafi'atul Irbah Rahmat Dapari Ririh Yudhastuti Wira Satya Nugraha Wicaksono Zida Husnina