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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) International Journal of Economics (IJEC)
Kiriya Kulkolkarn
Thammasat University, Thailand
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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 1 
The Role Of Foreign Direct Investment Inflow And Outflow In India’s Economic Growth Prashant Kumar; V.N.Gupta; Kiriya Kulkolkarn
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v4i2.1302

Abstract

This study investigates the trends of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India, focusing on both inflows and outflows as a percentage of GDP from 2000 to 2022. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become a key driver of economic growth, shaping India’s integration into the global economy. This study employs econometric techniques such as autoregressive (AR) models, Moving Average (MA) models, the Johansen Co-integration Test, and the Granger Causality Test to analyze historical FDI data. These methods help evaluate the dynamic relationships and long-term equilibrium between FDI inflows and outflows. The analysis reveals that historical FDI patterns significantly predict future trends. Specifically, past values and forecast errors influence the direction of FDI, particularly outflow. The Johansen cointegration test confirms a long-term equilibrium relationship between inflows and outflows, while the Granger Causality Test identifies a predictive relationship between net outflows and inflows. The findings suggest that inward and outward FDI are interlinked and play vital roles in India's economic development. Understanding these dynamics can help policymakers craft strategies to enhance India's global investment, while sustaining domestic economic growth
Beyond Java-Centric Growth: Analyzing Structural Change and Its Impact on Regional Income Convergence in Post-Decentralization Indonesia Amrani Amrani; Kiriya Kulkolkarn
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i1.1795

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between structural change and regional income convergence in Indonesia following the 2001 fiscal decentralization. Utilizing quantitative analysis on 30 provinces over 2005–2018 and 514 districts from 2000–2017, we employ shift-share decomposition, club convergence testing (Phillips & Sul methodology), and dynamic panel data models. Results reveal that while Java Island maintains 57% of national GDP, post-decentralization patterns show heterogeneous convergence dynamics characterized by five distinct convergence clubs rather than uniform income convergence. Structural change, particularly within-sector productivity improvements, positively impacts regional growth, though effectiveness has declined. Dynamic structural effects increasingly negative, indicating labor reallocation toward less productive sectors. Despite decentralization policies, regional inequality persists, modulated by development thresholds and natural resource endowments. Policy implications suggest necessity for differentiated regional development strategies acknowledging structural heterogeneity across convergence clubs
Consumer Comfort In The Café Industry: The Role Of Interior Design, Atmosphere, And Sensory Marketing Ferry Hidayat; Billy Andrea; Iventura Fitra Uli Tamba; Kiriya Kulkolkarn
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.1893

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the effect of interior design, café atmosphere, and sensory marketing on consumer comfort at KOA Café in Perdagangan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with associative methods. A total of 100 respondents were selected through purposive sampling techniques, and data were collected using questionnaire instruments related to interior design, café atmosphere, sensory marketing, and consumer comfort variables. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression techniques. The results of partial analysis showed that interior design has a significant effect on consumer comfort with a value of tcount = 6.190 greater than Ttable = 1.986 and significance 0.000 (<0.05). Similarly, café atmosphere has a significant effect with a value of tcount = 2.564 greater than Ttable = 1.986 and significance 0.012 (<0.05). However, sensory marketing does not have a significant effect on consumer comfort with a value of tcount = 1.710 smaller than Ttable = 1.986 and significance 0.091 (>0.05). Simultaneously, interior design, café atmosphere, and sensory marketing significantly affect consumer comfort with a value of Fcount = 29.741 greater than Ftable = 2.704 and significance 0.000 (<0.05). The determination value of 46.6% indicates that the variables explain variations in consumer comfort. This study recommends that KOA Café management improve ergonomic interior design, maintain atmosphere consistency, and strengthen sensory marketing strategies to enhance consumer comfort and emotional attachment
The Effect Of The Combination Of Woolwich Massage And Selected Prayers Using Roll-On Saum Oil On Self-Efficacy And The Breastfeeding Process Of Primiparous Dewi Andariya Ningsih; Liana Devi Oktavia; Kartika; Kiriya Kulkolkarn
International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): June-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijphe.v5i1.1420

Abstract

Constraints in breastfeeding are one of the reasons mothers can provide breast milk maximum. Doubt is generally experienced by mothers new to giving birth and breastfeeding for the first time. If the problem is not handled well, it will add to the amount of number failures in exclusive breastfeeding, which has an impact on the bad No, not only on the mother but also on the father and baby. Research This knowledge influence combination of Woolwich massage combined with prayer choice use roll-on Saum Oil connected with efficacy self and breastfeeding process. Research methods use quasi-experiments with use design. Two tests only designed. Variable X consists of massage, Wolwich, and prayer choice, as well as efficacy self, and variable Y, namely the breastfeeding process, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test with the Monte Carlo approach with control and intervention groups. Research results This shows that the number is 0.000 (<0.05), so there is influence in a way that is simultaneous or together between frequency massage, Wolwich, and self-efficacy towards the breastfeeding process. So that intervention massage, Wolwich, and prayer choice very much affect the breastfeeding process. The hope is to support positive, comprehensive, and related parties still done as much as possible. Possible for exclusive breastfeeding continuity.
The Role of Healthcare Worker Motivation in the Relationship between Work Culture, Patient Satisfaction, and Performance at a Primary Healthcare Clinic Anita Ekasari; Dwi Orbaningsih; Tri Cicik Wijayanti; Nisa Arifani; Kiriya Kulkolkarn
International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January-May
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijphe.v5i2.1805

Abstract

Healthcare worker performance plays a crucial role in determining the quality of services in primary healthcare clinics. Organizational and service-related factors, such as work culture, patient satisfaction, and healthcare worker motivation, are considered important determinants of performance. However, empirical evidence regarding the mediating role of healthcare worker motivation in primary healthcare settings remains limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between work culture and patient satisfaction with healthcare worker performance, both directly and indirectly through healthcare worker motivation as a mediating variable, in a primary healthcare clinic. An observational analytic study with a quantitative approach was conducted at a primary inpatient healthcare clinic in Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia, during September–October 2025. The study involved 20 healthcare workers and 50 patients, selected using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation tests to assess relationships among variables. The results showed that work culture was positively associated with employee motivation (r = 0.476; p = 0.034), while patient satisfaction was positively related to healthcare worker performance (r = 0.446; p = 0.049). Healthcare worker motivation also demonstrated a significant mediating role in the relationship between work culture and healthcare worker performance (r = 0.508; p = 0.022). Improving healthcare worker performance in primary healthcare clinics requires an integrated managerial approach that emphasizes strengthening work culture, enhancing patient satisfaction, and maintaining healthcare worker motivation to support sustainable improvements in service quality.
Co-Authors Amrani Amrani Anita Ekasari Billy Andrea Dewi Andariya Ningsih Dwi Orbaningsih Ferry Hidayat Iventura Fitra Uli Tamba Kartika Liana Devi Oktavia Nisa Arifani Prashant Kumar Tri Cicik Wijayanti V.N.Gupta