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Rachmatul Az-Zahra Ayu Pramutri
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Religion Humanities Neuroscience Social Sciences

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Virtual reality social exposure for social anxiety in bullying victims Baiq Ade Winanda Agustia Ayu; Sofa Amalia; Miqdad Daly Ahmad; Rachmatul Az-Zahra Ayu Pramutri
Cognicia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): October
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/cognicia.v14i2.46792

Abstract

Experiences of bullying can have significant psychological consequences, including an increased risk of social anxiety. This study aimed to examine changes in social anxiety following Virtual Reality Social Exposure (VRSE) among bullying victims. A one-group pretest–posttest design without a control group was employed with 12 participants. The intervention consisted of three gradual exposure sessions in virtual environments representing social situations. Social anxiety was measured before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in social anxiety scores following the intervention (p = 0.002), with a reported effect size of 0.974. These findings suggest that VRSE may be a promising approach for reducing social anxiety among bullying victims. However, the absence of a control group and the small sample size limit conclusions regarding its effectiveness and safety. Further studies with larger samples, control groups, and systematic safety assessments are needed.
Co-Authors Baiq Ade Winanda Agustia Ayu Miqdad Daly Ahmad Sofa Amalia