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All Journal JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NATURAL RESOURCES (JCNaR)
Mia Ramayani Damanik
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Phytochemical Screening, Cream Formulation, and Antibacterial Activity of Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Leaf Ethanol Extract against Staphylococcus aureus Muhammad Taufik; Mariany Razali; Muharni Saputri; Nurmala Sari; Mia Ramayani Damanik; Siti Fathiyah Mawaddah; Putra Penyabar Gulo; Nazwa Amalia Apriani; Citra Marisa
Journal of Chemical Natural Resources Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Chemical Natural Resources (JCNaR)
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v8i2.27332

Abstract

Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. contains secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity. This study performed qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf ethanol extract, formulated topical creams containing 0.75% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 3% (F3) extract, and evaluated preliminary physical stability and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Qualitative screening detected alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The creams were homogeneous; mean pH values ranged from 6.22 to 6.45 before cycling and from 6.00 to 6.05 after cycling. Antibacterial responses increased with concentration. F3 produced the greatest response among the creams (19.07 ± 0.45 mm, n = 3), while the blank base showed no inhibition; the corresponding unformulated 3% extract produced 19.23 ± 0.42 mm. Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of preparation type (p < 0.001), concentration (p < 0.001), and their interaction (p = 0.003). The E3-F3 difference was not significant by Tukey HSD (p = 0.996), but this does not establish statistical equivalence. These findings indicate that an antibacterial response remains measurable after incorporation into a cream matrix and support further investigation of the 3% formulation.
Co-Authors Citra Marisa Mariany Razali Muharni Saputri Nazwa Amalia Apriani Nurmala Sari Putra Penyabar Gulo Siti Fathiyah Mawaddah Taufik, Muhammad