<![CDATA[Crew change is a time-sensitive operational process in which personnel readiness, immigration documentation, and vessel schedules must be coordinated. This study identifies the causes and consequences of crew change delays at PT Satrya Maritim Indonesia and formulates practical preventive strategies. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, drawing on field observations, semi-structured interviews with crewing personnel and seafarers, and company documents. The material was interpreted through thematic coding, categorisation, cross-source comparison, and member checking. The findings indicate that delays arose from internal weaknesses, particularly an insufficient pool of deployment-ready standby crew, rotation planning close to sign-off dates, incomplete certificates, and administrative coordination problems. External constraints included lengthy visa and work-permit processing, changing immigration requirements, transport disruptions, and client-specific deployment rules. Reported consequences included additional costs, interrupted vessel schedules, prolonged assignments, and fatigue-related risks. The study recommends earlier rotation planning with contingency time, a regularly validated standby-crew database, an integrated digital crew management system, clear responsibility for document verification, and closer coordination with agents and clients. These are proposed organisational controls; their effectiveness was not quantitatively tested in this case study.]]>
