This study aimed to analyze and compare the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students who graduated from public elementary schools (SD) and Islamic elementary schools (SDIT) in Al-Qur’an Hadith learning at MTsN 1 Pasaman. This study employed a quantitative approach with a comparative research design. The sample consisted of 33 students who graduated from SD and 5 students who graduated from SDIT. Data were collected through documentation of students’ scores from Daily Assessments (PH) 1, PH 2, and PH 3. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests consisting of the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance, and hypothesis testing using an independent-samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS version 27. The descriptive analysis results showed that the mean learning outcome of students who graduated from SD was 69.73, categorized as fair, with an achievement level of 69.73%, while students who graduated from SDIT obtained a mean score of 86.40, categorized as good, with an achievement level of 86.40%. The hypothesis test results showed a t-value of 2.323 with a significance value of 0.026 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the two groups. The mean difference of 16.673 indicates that students who graduated from SDIT achieved higher learning outcomes than those who graduated from SD. These findings suggest that differences in students’ religious educational backgrounds contribute to their learning outcomes in Al-Qur’an Hadith.