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All Journal Farmaka Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Suwantika, Auliya A.
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Journal : Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

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A Narrative Review of the Case Reports of Routine Immunization Performance During a Pandemic COVID-19 Rahayuningsih, Nur; Suwantika, Auliya A.; Diantini, Ajeng; Sinuraya, Rano K.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.59264

Abstract

Routine immunization is a program that must ensure adequate coverage as one preventive measure against the transmission of vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). Vaccines are the most cost-effective healthcare investment as it has been shown to prevent and reduce the incidence of disease, disability, and death from VPD, which is estimated to kill 2 – 3 million people each year. As of July 11, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been deemed the worst public health emergency in the world, with over 12 million positive cases and 556,342 fatalities documented in 213 nations. The impact of the pandemic on routine immunization has resulted in higher morbidity and mortality from this VPD in countries with low coverage. This review article comprehensively describes routine immunization services and case reports of immunization performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.   
Economic Evaluations of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Ahmad, Ahmad; Zakiyah, Neily; Suwantika, Auliya A.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.60068

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes that damages retinal blood vessels and can lead to vision impairment. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in DR screening offers a promising alternative to conventional methods. However, further research is crucial to determine the cost-effectiveness of this intervention.This study systematically reviewed economic evaluations of AI interventions in DR screening using data from PubMed and ScienceDirect (2014–2023). Studies in various healthcare settings assessing cost-effectiveness outcomes, such as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net monetary benefit, were included. The CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) checklist was used to assess the reporting quality of included studies.AI intervention can potentially provide accurate diagnoses by performing complex data analysis quickly and consistently. Despite initial higher costs, AI screening often led to higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and improved healthcare resource allocation, particularly in underserved areas. From several perspectives, AI screening is cost-effective compared to manual screening, which has a lower ICER. Seven out of eight articles concluded that using AI for screening is cost-effective. However, challenges in generalizing AI models across diverse populations suggest a need for further validation to prevent diagnostic bias and ensure healthcare equity. Specifically, the hybrid use of manual screening with AI assistance is more cost-effective than the other comparison methods.AI can improve diagnoses like DR through quick data analysis and accuracy, but human guidance is still needed for algorithm development and decision-making. Combining AI with human involvement can lead to more cost-effective interventions.
Co-Authors Ahmad Ahmad Ajeng Diantini, Ajeng Diliwiyani, Soraya Nur Rahayuningsih, Nur Setiadi, Anggi Sinuraya, Rano K. Wiseva, Karina Olga Zakiyah, Neily