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Undemocratic Response Towards "Deviant" Judgement and Fatwa: Sunni-Shiite Conflict in Sampang, Madura, East Java Widyantoro, Hary
Mazahib VOLUME 16, ISSUE 1, JUNE 2017
Publisher : IAIN Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (526.739 KB) | DOI: 10.21093/mj.v16i1.768

Abstract

AbstractThe study discusses how civic groups have judged other as "deviant" in the case of Sunni-Shiite conflict in Sampang, Madura, and how the state has responded to it.  The term “deviant” has been an important subject to study in Indonesia because it helps us to understand how certain communities other the others who are different in terms of religious understandings. This article argues that the state has undemocratically responded towards several groups’ judgment on Shiite in Sampang of being deviant; while Shiite community in Sampang are Indonesian citizen who are subject to the state protection. This situation is further exacerbated by the MUI recommendation to the state to stop Shiite community from practicing their rituals, as it clearly violates religious freedom and democracy. This study uses secondary data in the forms of the MUI fatwa, Tajul Muluk case documentation in Catatan Keberagamaan by Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies, and the conflict escalation narration by previous scholars. As a study focused on the dynamic of the conflict, this paper helps scholars, activists, and government critically comprehend the relation between the state and civic groups before and during conflict escalation. Further, it becomes critical analysis towards the implementation of democracy in Indonesia.Keywords: Sunni-Shiite conflict, deviant sects in Indonesia, fatwa, Democracy
Monopolizing Religious Blasphemy Law Interpretation in Indonesia: The Strategy of Lawfare and the Exercise of Power Widyantoro, Hary; W Munthe, Fredy Torang
Mazahib VOLUME 18, ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2019
Publisher : IAIN Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (626.283 KB) | DOI: 10.21093/mj.v18i2.1572

Abstract

The article explores the process of monopolizing Blasphemy law interpretation by several Islamist groups and its impact on the freedom of religion in Indonesia. Even though the result of blasphemy cases in the national context is predictable, the local context shows a different dynamic. This article examines several religious blasphemy cases locally, such as Otto Radjasa’s in Balikpapan, Sukmawati’s in Jakarta, and Ganjar Pranowo’s in Central Java. It seeks to answer how has religious blasphemy been defined and interpreted by the Islamist group and how each interest has influenced the group interpretation and strategy to bring the offenders of the blasphemy law to the jail. It argues that monopolizing the law interpretation consists of two main strategies: first, by using lawfare against the political rivals, and second, by employing the exercise power while taking financial advantages from the offenders. The article contributes to the academic discussion on the exercise of power and hegemony in influencing the blasphemy law interpretation in Muslims majority countries.Keywords: Religious Blasphemy, Islamists, Power, Hegemony
Global Islamic Liberation Theology in the Local Context of Transgendered Indonesian Muslims Hary Widyantoro
AL-TAHRIR Vol 19, No 2 (2019): Women transformation in Islamic Societies
Publisher : IAIN Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/altahrir.v19i2.1677

Abstract

Abstract: The place of Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Muslims within Islamic normativity has become attention for scholars and activists, such as Kecia Ali and Scot Kugle, Nur Kholis who rethink the place of LGBT people in social, political, and religious lives. The paper discusses how Islamic liberation theology, as a global concept within the Muslim world, has inspired Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University scholar-activists to hold discussions about the place of waria in Islam, at the Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah, Yogyakarta. However, as globalization leads to glocalization, the way the concept is understood and implemented differs from that global one. The study argues that global Islamic liberation theology influencing the activists in perceiving waria subject position has undergone “glocalization.” As Islamic liberation theology was used to fight against colonialism and capitalism, the scholar-activists now find in it the tools to fight against the oppression towards gender minorities, particularly waria. The study is based on interviews with several Nahdlatul Ulama activists, and participant observation in the Pesantren event.الملخص: أصبحت LGBT من المسلمين في الأعراف الإسلامية موضع اهتمام العلماء والناشطين مثل كيجيا علي وسكوت كوغل ونور خالص الذين قاموا بإعادة التفكير في مكانة فريق LGBT في الحياة الاجتماعية والسياسية والدينية. ناقش هذا المقال كيف أن لاهوت التحرير الإسلامي كمفهوم عالمي في العالم الإسلامي ألهم العلماء والناشطين في جامعة نهضة العلماء الإسلامية لعقد نقاش حول مكانة الخنثى في الإسلام في بسانترين "الفتح" للخنثي جوكجاكرتا. ولكن حين اتجهت العولمة إلى العولمة فإن طريقة المفهوم فهمت وطبّقت مختلفة عن ما يكون عالميا. رأت هذه الدراسة أن لاهوت التحررير الإسلامي العالمي الذي يؤثر الناشطين في فهم مكانة الخنثي وقع في العولمة، لأن لاهوت التحرير الإسلامي مستخدم لمحاربة الاستعمارية والرأسمالية. وجد العلماء والناشطون الآن وسائل لمحاربة الخنثي هي القمع تجاه الأقليات الجنسانية.  اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على مقابلة بعض الناشطين من جمعية نهضة العلماء والملاحظة بالمشاركة في أنشطة بسانترين.Abstrak: Tempat Muslim Lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) dalam normativitas Islam telah menjadi perhatian para cendekiawan dan aktivis, seperti Kecia Ali dan Scot Kugle, Nur Kholis yang memikirkan kembali tempat orang LGBT dalam bidang sosial, politik, dan kehidupan agama. Makalah ini membahas bagaimana teologi pembebasan Islam, sebagai konsep global dalam dunia Muslim, telah mengilhami para cendekiawan-aktivis Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama untuk mengadakan diskusi tentang tempat waria dalam Islam, di Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah, Yogyakarta. Namun, ketika globalisasi mengarah ke glokalisasi, cara konsep dipahami dan diterapkan berbeda dari yang global. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa teologi pembebasan Islam global yang memengaruhi para aktivis dalam memahami posisi subyek waria telah mengalami “globalisasi.” Karena teologi pembebasan Islam digunakan untuk memerangi kolonialisme dan kapitalisme, para aktivis sarjana sekarang menemukan di dalamnya alat untuk melawan penindasan  terhadap gender minoritas, khususnya waria. Studi ini didasarkan pada wawancara dengan beberapa aktivis Nahdlatul Ulama, dan pengamatan partisipan dalam acara Pesantren.
Questioning Waria’s Subject Position in Social and Religious Lives; Nahdlatul Ulama Activists and Waria Santri Religious Practice Partnering Program at the Pesantren Waria Al-fatah Yogyakarta Hary Widyantoro
Isti`dal : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UNISNU Jepara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34001/istidal.v3i2.684

Abstract

Artikel ini mendiskusikan dinamika para aktifis dari Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama melakukan proses berpikir kembali tentang posisi subjek waria dalam kehidupan sosial agama, lalu menggagas ide tentang program Pendampingan Praktek Keagamaan Waria bekerja sama dengan santriwaria. Permasalahan LGBT sendiri dalam kehidupan sosial. Agama telah menjadi isu yang menyita perhatian banyak aktifis, peneliti, dan akademisi, seperti Scott Kugle dan Kecia Ali. Program yang digagas para aktifis ini adalah salah satu gerakan yang menjawab permasalahan waria sebagai bagian dari LGBT sebagai fenomena globai, yang terinspirasi oleh argumen bahwa Islam sebagai agama rahmat untuk semua umat manusia. Maka, program ini menjadi tandingan terhadap asumsi dominan bahwa waria adalah penyimpangan dan dilarang agama. Studi ini menemukan bahwa proses berpikir yang dilakukan para aktifis ini bermula dari kritisisme terhadap ide "gender binary," lalu sampai pada pemikiran bahwa ada kekosongan hukum terkait fiqh yang berbicara soal waria, dan pengkategorisasian waria sebagai mukhanats. Proses ini selanjutnya membawa mereka kepada gagasan untuk menjalankan progam pendampingan ini, di mana diskusi tentang waria dalam kehidupan sosial-agama dilakukan.