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Nonlinear Split-Plot Design Model in Parameters Estimation using Estimated Generalized Least Square - Maximum Likelihood Estimation David, Ikwuoche John; Asiribo, Osebekwin Ebenenzer; Dikko, Hussain Garba
ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2018): ComTech
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/comtech.v9i2.4703

Abstract

This research aimed to provide a theoretical framework for intrinsically nonlinear models with two additive error terms. To achieve this, an iterative Gauss-Newton via Taylor Series expansion procedures for Estimated Generalized Least Square (EGLS) technique was adopted. This technique was applied in estimating the parameters of an intrinsically nonlinear split-plot design model where the variance components were unknown. The unknown variance components were estimated via Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. To achieve the numerical stability in the iterative process of estimating the parameters, Householder QR decomposition was used. The results show that EGLS method presented in this research is available and applicable to estimate linear fixed, random, and mixed-effect models. However, in practical situations, the functional form of the mean in the model is often nonlinear due to the dynamics involved in the system process.
Inference from Modelling FDI and Unemployment Rate in Nigeria David, Ikwuoche John; Idi, Danjuma
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3444

Abstract

This research investigates foreign direct investment (FDI) impact on the unemployment rate (UPR) in Nigeria by employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study made use of data from the period 1985-2021. Initial assessment of the data involved the application of rolling correlation to test the significance of signals between FDI and UPR. Subsequently, the research employs the ARDL bounds test methodology to examine cointegration among FDI and UPR. Additionally, an Error Correction Model (ECM) is utilized to explore the causal relationship between these economic variables in the short run. The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test suggests that the variables attain stationarity at first differences (I(1)). The findings indicate that at 5% FDI significantly impacted on UPR in the long run but not in the short run where it was significant at 10%. Also, the selected best fitted model for the sampled period is ARDL(1, 1) but the plot of the cumulative sum squared chart showed that the parameter estimates were unstable for the sampled period. The results suggest more investment in FDI is necessary for reducing Nigeria unemployment rate in the long run and stabilizing it in the short run.
Basic Reproduction Number and Sensitivity Index Estimates from a Modified Deterministic Model for Nigeria COVID-19 Transmission Davidson, Aromolaran A.; Okeke, Evelyn Nkiruka; David, Ikwuoche John
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3609

Abstract

Basic reproduction number and sensitivity index are necessary indices used in most epidemiological research to eval_uate the adequacy of formulated model. In this research, a modified deterministic model (MDM) of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria is formulated. The R0 is estimated alongside the SI to determine the acceptability of the formulated MDM. The analytic results showed that an R0 of 0.0000295 is obtained which imply the spread of the virus is under control. The SI result showed that 14 parameters of the MDM were sensitive whereby 8 of the parameters SI are positive while the remaining 6 parameters [natural mortality rate (μ), Proportion of asymptomatic that did not transit to symptomatic (v), natural mortality rate plus Covid-19 death induced (μ1), rate of vaccination (γ), rate of symptomatic being transferred to isolation (ϒ), transition of undetected exposed to quarantine (ф)] SI are negative. The SI result clearly showed that the significant negative indices parameters are responsible for reducing the R0 and enhanced the decline of the Covid-19 virus in Nigeria.
Basic Reproduction Number and Sensitivity Index Estimates from a Modified Deterministic Model for Nigeria COVID-19 Transmission Davidson, Aromolaran A.; Okeke, Evelyn Nkiruka; David, Ikwuoche John
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3609

Abstract

Basic reproduction number and sensitivity index are necessary indices used in most epidemiological research to eval_uate the adequacy of formulated model. In this research, a modified deterministic model (MDM) of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria is formulated. The R0 is estimated alongside the SI to determine the acceptability of the formulated MDM. The analytic results showed that an R0 of 0.0000295 is obtained which imply the spread of the virus is under control. The SI result showed that 14 parameters of the MDM were sensitive whereby 8 of the parameters SI are positive while the remaining 6 parameters [natural mortality rate (μ), Proportion of asymptomatic that did not transit to symptomatic (v), natural mortality rate plus Covid-19 death induced (μ1), rate of vaccination (γ), rate of symptomatic being transferred to isolation (ϒ), transition of undetected exposed to quarantine (ф)] SI are negative. The SI result clearly showed that the significant negative indices parameters are responsible for reducing the R0 and enhanced the decline of the Covid-19 virus in Nigeria.