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A 2x4 Element Rectangular H-Slot Array Microstrip Antenna Rectifier for Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy at 2.4 GHz Frequency Darmono, Hendro; Koesmarijanto, Koesmarijanto; Suharto, Nugroho; Ratnawati, Yani; Cahyono , Agung Dwi
Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi Vol 13 No 3 (2023): Vol. 13 No. 03 (2023) : September 2023
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This research aims to develop an energy capture system, specifically an antenna rectifier. The chosen antenna for this purpose is a microstrip antenna operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, utilizing a 2x4 array configuration to enhance the collection of electromagnetic waves emitted by an Access Point. To enhance the rectifier's voltage-doubling capability, the design incorporates three distinct levels: level 8, level 12, and level 14. Experimental results from implementing the 2x4 rectangular H-Slot array microstrip antenna rectifier demonstrate its capacity to convert incoming AC waves from the antenna into DC voltage. During the implementation phase, the rectenna harvesting system exhibits notable outcomes. The most significant outcome is observed in the 14th-level rectifier circuit, yielding a conversion of 101.98 mV when positioned 50 cm away from the wireless source or access point. This voltage reading diminishes to 49.148 mV at 200 cm. In the 12th-level rectifier circuit, the values are 64.8 mV at 50 cm and 39.08 mV at 200 cm. Furthermore, the 8th level circuit generates 24.72 mV at 50 cm and 11.4 mV at 200 cm. Evidently, the proximity of the testing distance correlates with the magnitude of the produced voltage.
Design of Miniature Snack Vending Machine Based on Internet of Things Mukti, Feriyanando Anggawa; Darmono, Hendro; Hidayati, Nurul
Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi Vol 14 No 1 (2024): Vol. 14 No. 01 (2024) : Maret 2024
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jartel.v14i1.871

Abstract

Automatic sales machines or vending machines that already exist in Indonesia generally only sell snacks and soft drinks. The lack of vending machines in hotels is due to the high cost of purchasing a vending machine. The average shopping center, hotel, office, and other places in Indonesia still use vending machines with paper money and coin payments. The use of RFID tag cards as a means of payment on snack vending machines is still vulnerable if not given a password or the like for security. The testing parameters in this study are fingerprint sensor accuracy, RFID Reader Visiting, Database connectivity testing on the website, ESP32 testing to the database, and testing the entire system. Fingerprint sensor accuracy testing is done by taking 10 fingerprint samples that have not been registered. The fingerprint sensor works well. RFID testing is done by measuring the maximum distance the RFID Reader can read RFID tags using 3D print barrier with a thickness of 1cm. RFID Reader can read RFID Tags with a maximum distance of 3cm. Database connectivity testing on the website is done to find out whether communication between the database and the web vending machine snack goes well. The results of testing esp32 to the database took 2 tests, namely buyer id testing and balance testing. In the esp32 test to the database the system runs well and correctly. Overall the miniature snack vending machine system runs correctly as designed.
Indikator konsentrasi pelarut tembaga berbasis IOT Darmono, Hendro; Koesmarijanto, Koesmarijanto; Suharto, Nugroho
JURNAL ELTEK Vol. 20 No. 2 (2022): Oktober 2022
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/eltek.v20i2.355

Abstract

Penelitian ini menguji kinerja perangkat pelarut tembaga skala kecil untuk digunakan di labotarium elektronika. Bahan kimia ferri clorida 40 % 1500 ml digunakan sebagai bahan pelarut dasar, perangkat ini digunakan untuk menghapus atau menghilangkan sebagian lapisan tembaga yang tidak diperlukan pada rangkaian di Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Sebuah kamera digunakan sebagai sensor kepekatan larutan yang telah digunakan untuk menghapus lapisan tembaga. Data sensor diproses dengan menggunakan Raspberry Pi yang digunakan sebagai pembanding perhitungan kepekatan larutan secara manual dan data dikirimkan ke aplikasi android. Metoda pengalamatan warna Red, Green, dan Blue (RGB) digunakan untuk menentukan kadar tembaga berdasarkan warna yang ditangkap kamera. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kamera mengidentifikasi warna untuk kadar tembaga dalam laruran mulai dari 0% sampai dengan 0,121 % dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk melarutkan tembaga mencapai 45 menit yang akan digunakan acuan untuk menentukan larutan sudah jenuh. Hasil pengolahan data menghasilkan tampilan kejenuhan dari 30% sampai dengan 100%, artinya perubahan warna untuk kadar laruran kurang dari 0,02% tidak dapat diidentifikasi demikian juga untuk diatas 0,121%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpukan perangkat ini hanya mampu mendeteksi kadar tembaga dalam pelarut diatas 0.02% hingga maksimum 0,121%. ABSTRACT This research tested the performance of a small-scale copper solvent device for use in an electronics laboratory. The chemical ferric chloride 40 % 1500 ml is used as a primary solvent. This device removes or partially removes the copper layer that is not needed on the circuit on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). A camera is used as a sensor for the concentration of a solution used to remove the copper layer. Sensor data is processed using a Raspberry Pi, which compares the attention of the solution manually and the data sent to the Android application. The Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) colour addressing method is used to determine the copper content based on the colour captured by the camera. The test results show the camera identifies the colour for the copper content in the solution ranging from 0% to 0.121%. The time required to dissolve the copper reaches 45 minutes, which will be used as a reference to determine whether the solution is saturated. The data processing results produce a saturation display from 30% to 100%, meaning that the colour change for a solution content of less than 0.02% cannot be identified as well as for those above 0.121%. Thus, it can be concluded that this device can only detect copper levels in solvents above 0.02% up to a maximum of 0.121%.
Rancang bangun jaringan RT/RW dengan teknologi gigabit passive optical network (GPON) berbasis fiber to the home (FTTH) Kusumawardani, Mila; Mahfudi, Isa; Salsabila, Anisa Davina; Darmono, Hendro; Setiadi, Chandrasena; Rahmayanti, Devi
JURNAL ELTEK Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/eltek.v24i1.8739

Abstract

Penggunaan teknologi fiber optic (FO) di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring dengan kebutuhan layanan internet berkecepatan tinggi, stabil, dan andal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan jaringan RT/RW Net berbasis Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) dengan arsitektur Fiber To The Home (FTTH), serta mengevaluasi kinerjanya berdasarkan parameter redaman optik dan Quality of Service (QoS). Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen melalui perancangan topologi jaringan, implementasi perangkat, serta pengujian menggunakan pendekatan power link budget dan analisis QoS. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi throughput, delay, jitter, dan packet loss dengan mengacu pada standar ITU-T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai redaman optik berada pada rentang −16.81 dBm hingga −16.36 dBm dan masih memenuhi standar ITU-T G.984. Pengujian QoS menunjukkan performa yang baik dengan throughput sebesar 1.646 Mbps, delay sebesar 26.20 ms, jitter rendah, serta packet loss sebesar 0%. Hasil perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa jaringan berbasis FO memiliki performa lebih baik dibandingkan Ethernet. Dengan demikian, jaringan FTTH berbasis GPON dinilai layak diterapkan pada skala RT/RW Net sebagai solusi penyediaan layanan internet yang efisien dan berkualitas.   ABSTRACT The use of fiber optic (FO) technology in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the growing demand for high-speed, stable, and reliable internet services. This study aims to design and implement an RT/RW network based on Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) with a Fiber To The Home (FTTH) architecture, as well as to evaluate its performance based on optical attenuation and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. The method used is experimental, involving network topology design, system implementation, and performance testing using the power link budget approach and QoS analysis. The evaluated QoS parameters include throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss, referring to ITU-T standards. The results show that the optical attenuation ranges from −16.81 dBm to −16.36 dBm, which complies with the ITU-T G.984 standard. QoS testing indicates good performance with a throughput of 1.646 Mbps, delay of 26.20 ms, low jitter, and 0% packet loss. The comparison results show that the fiber optic network outperforms Ethernet, particularly in terms of delay and stability. Therefore, the GPON-based FTTH network is considered feasible for implementation in RT/RW networks as an efficient and high-quality internet service solution.