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Effects of TiO2 in graphene-quantum-dot film on lighting color uniformity of a white light-emitting diodes Le, Phan Xuan; Cong, Pham Hong
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 36, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp800-807

Abstract

Improvement in color uniformity of white light-emitting diodes (WLED) is one of the imperative goals for high-quality solid-state illumination. The conventional WLED model with a single yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ (TiO2@GD) is proposed to fulfill this goal. The TiO2@GD composites prove to possess excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and thermal and chemical stability, holding great potential in high-power WLED production. By maintaining a constant GDs content of 10 wt%, the research explores the impact of varying TiO2 doping concentrations on the lighting performance of the WLEDs via the mean of light scattering. The TiO2@GD layer also induces a red-shift in the emitted light spectrum, contributing to a reduction in color variation. While a decline in luminosity and color rendering performance becomes evident with excessive TiO2 content, the study underscores the potential of TiO2@GD as a viable diffusing layer for LEDs to obtain improved angular uniformity of color distribution.
Research on the using of ZnO nanostructures to increase the white light-emitting diodes optics effectiveness Le, Phan Xuan; Cong, Pham Hong
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 36, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp793-799

Abstract

In conventional white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), the combination of blue-LED chips with a yellow-phosphor type is the commonly employed method of production. However, this approach often results in low angular correlated color temperature (CCT) homogeneity. To address this issue, this research proposes the incorporation of ZnO nanostructures into WLED packages to enhance color homogeneity. The impacts of varying concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles on the morphologies, scattered energy, and CCT deviations in WLED packages are studied utilizing the Mie-scattering theory and MATLAB measurement techniques to analyze the scattering effects of ZnO nanoparticles. The scattering analysis reveals that the presence of ZnO nanoparticles significantly increases the scattered strength of WLEDs, especially with larger particles’ radii, due to their strong scattering influence. Then, 1 µm is the selected size of the ZnO used in further tests. With different ZnO concentrations (2-50 wt.%) in the phosphor layer, the CCT deviation holds an inverse proportion to the luminous efficiency. Particularly, higher concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles reduce the CCT deviation, leading to improved color homogeneity, but a decline in lumen efficiency. The findings provide the basis of ZnO scattering performance, which can be utilized to explore potential ways for enhancing WLED’s color uniformity and overall performance.
Thermally stable sol-gel yttrium aluminum garnet cerium phosphors for white light-emitting diodes Le, Phan Xuan; Loan, Nguyen Thi Phuong; Anh, Nguyen Doan Quoc; Lee, Hsiao-Yi
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1367-1374

Abstract

This study aims to develop structurally controlled TiO2-based materials that serve a dual purpose as high-performance photocatalysts and optical scattering agents for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Hollow spherical TiO2, TiO2/Ag, and TiO2/Au particles were synthesized via a one-step spray thermolysis process using aqueous titanium citrate and titanium oxalate precursors. The method enables precise control of morphology and crystalline phase composition, producing hollow microspheres with tunable anatase–rutile ratios (10–100%) and crystallite sizes ranging from 12 to 120 nm. Photocatalytic performance, evaluated through the ultraviolet (UV) driven oxidation of methylene blue, showed that as-prepared TiO2 exhibited comparable activity to Degussa P25, while metal doping accelerated the anatase-to-rutile transition with minimal plasmonic enhancement under UV light. For LED applications, incorporating hollow TiO2 particles into YAG:Ce phosphor films improved luminous intensity, reaching a peak of ∼71 lm at 1 wt.% TiO2, and enhanced color uniformity, achieving a D-CCT as low as ∼60 K at 5 wt.%. These results confirm that spray thermolysis provides a scalable route to tailor morphology and phase composition, enabling multifunctional TiO2 materials optimized for both environmental photocatalysis and high-quality LED lighting.
Optical Assessment of Titanium Oxide Employed in Phosphor-Transmuted WLED Devices Le, Phan Xuan; Loan, Nguyen Thi Phuong; Anh, Nguyen Doan Quoc
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.345-355

Abstract

Utilizing inexpensive PbO-B2O3-SiO2-ZnO glass as the host, a new environmentally friendly method for phosphor-transformed WLED utilizing Ce:YAG-doped glass and Titanium oxide (TiO2) was effectively created for this study. This method demonstrated good sintering behavior and elevated visible transparency with a sintering heat level reaching 750oC while avoiding influence on phosphor samples. The optic characterization of WLED can be simply adjusted by only modifying the temperature, incorporating dosage, as well as sample breadth to suit the mucous sintering for phosphor within glass (PwG). The perfect sample amount is regulated, reaching 5 wt.% of the end combination, and the most suited thickness of samples is discovered to be 0.8 mm. As a consequence, the optimum heating condition is sintered at 700oC within 40 minutes. The built-in PwG WLED displays an elevated illuminating effectiveness of 134.33 lm/W, associated hue temperature of 4696 K, and hue rendering index of 68.5. PwG’s improved heat quenching ability when combined with traditional silicone resin and TiO2 makes it clear that the glass ceramic substance used today is highly practical for use in WLED apparatuses.