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All Journal Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA)
Kumila, Biaunik Niski
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Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Altering Coconut Shell Biomass to High-Ordered Graphitic Carbon with Nickel Catalyzation Kumila, Biaunik Niski; Adityaa, Farhan; Destyofrini, Fredina; Sari, Fitri Nur Indah; Pancorowati, Dhita Azzahra; Kusuma, Hamdan Hadi
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v13n2.p119-131

Abstract

Graphite is a carbon-based material potentially utilized in numerous applications, such as electrodes for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and absorbers for water treatment. Biomass graphite is a beneficial candidate for low-cost yet valuable graphite. In this work, coconut shells, the abundant materials with high carbon contents, were successfully transformed into valuable coconut shell graphite (CSG) using metal catalytic graphitization with nickel as a catalyst at low-temperature conditions of ~1200 °C. Nickel concentration varied between 2 mmol, 3 mmol, and 5 mmol per gram of carbon. The samples were further examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The high graphitization degree of ~ 72 % was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. That was further supported by the high-ordered stacking carbon layer that appeared in HR-TEM images. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy confirms that nickel impregnation diminished the structural defect of samples and increased the sp2-carbon bond indicated by its rise of IG/ID. The IG/ID values of CGS and CGS-Ni5mmol are 0.86 and 0.92, respectively.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MALAPARI PRESS CAKE, MALAPARI SHELL, AND CASSAVA PEEL A'yuni, Sayida Ma'wa; Kumila, Biaunik Niski; Tjahjono, Arif
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.7, N
Publisher : Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v7i2.46256

Abstract

Activated carbon is increasingly used in various applications, prompting researchers to innovate by utilizing biomass as a source for activated carbon. This study used biomass waste from malapari press cake, malapari shell, and cassava peel. The process involved carbonizing the samples at 500°C for 2 hours, chemical activation using a 65% (w/v%) KOH solution at a 1:4 ratio, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 120°C and 300 rpm for 2 hours, followed by physical activation at 550°C for 1 hour, and BET & SEM-EDS testing. Based on the BET test results, the surface area of the samples increased overall between pre- and post-activation. The highest increase in surface area occurred in cassava peel, which increased from 7.916 m²/g to 294.303 m²/g. Meanwhile, the malapari press cake increased from 3.122 m²/g to 11.445 m²/g, and the malapari shell increased from 12.773 m²/g to 105.320 m²/g. SEM-EDS characterization revealed that cassava peel contained the highest carbon content at 67.02%, and after activation, each sample exhibited porous surfaces, uneven textures, and various pore shapes. ImageJ software analysis showed cassava peel had the smallest pore size at 123.209 nm, compared to malapari press cake at 234.721 nm and malapari shell at 217.419 nm. These results indicate that samples with larger surface areas tend to have smaller average pore sizes.
DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF INSULATED PIPES USING DIGITAL DETECTOR ARRAY DAN COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY Tjahjono, Arif; Pratama, Elfriani Dita; Hanuarjie, Baskan; Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri; Kumila, Biaunik Niski
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.8, N
Publisher : Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v8i1.46385

Abstract

The provision of insulation on the pipe functions to prevent heat transfer, but the provision of this insulation causes the pipe to be susceptible to damage due to oxidation. In this study, an analysis of damage to insulated pipes will be carried out using a Digital Detector Array (DDA), Computed Radiography (CR), and XRF. Based on the test results, it is known that the image quality using DDA with a voltage of 240 kV produces the most optimal contrast resolution. The results of the thickness dimension measurement using the DDA method on insulated pipes are 3.38 mm, and on insulated pipes with artificial defects are 4 mm. Compared with the CR method, the values are 3.02 mm and 3.94 mm, respectively. The smaller the difference, the more accurate. From the calculation of the ISee software, it is also known that the DDA method can detect a greater number of defects, namely 24, compared to the CR method, which has only 14. The results of the XRF test show that the insulated pipe includes low-carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.057% and 94% ferrum. This high ferrous content contributes to increased X-ray absorption, greatly affecting the images quality.
Co-Authors A'yuni, Sayida Ma'wa Adityaa, Farhan Destyofrini, Fredina Hadi Kusuma, Hamdan Hanuarjie, Baskan Pancorowati, Dhita Azzahra Pratama, Elfriani Dita Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri Sari, Fitri Nur Indah Tjahjono, Arif