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All Journal JPPIPA (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA) International Journal of Emerging Research and Review
Makdalena, Rita
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Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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THE TEACHERS’ PROBLEMS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGY LEARNING MATERIALS THROUGH GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL Makdalena, Rita; Rambitan, Vandalita M M; Palenewen, Evie
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 4, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia (PPII)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jppipa.v4n1.p18-24

Abstract

Biology learning in the senior high school level is a subject that needs proof of each sub-material. In order to achieve maximum learning objectives, then the teaching support materials needed to guide the teacher in the learning process. The lacks of the teacher?s ability to develop guided inquiry-based learning materials still dominate. This study aimed to determine the teachers' weakness and the obstacles they faced in the process of preparing and developing the learning materials. The research method used were survey and interviews which included a questionnaire containing the teacher's understanding of the learning materials. As for the results of the study related to the teacher?s understanding of learning materials, 80% of teachers did not understand, and 20% of teachers who understood the learning materials used during the practicum. Then the teachers? obstacles related to developing learning materials, 80% of teachers do not understand how to develop the learning materials and implementing inquiry learning models, and 10% of teachers did not understand how to develop learning materials, and 10% of teachers understand enough to develop guided inquiry-based learning materials. With the problems that lie in the ability of the teacher to develop the learning materials, the need to provide training to the teacher is related to develop learning materials and guiding teachers to develop inquiry-based learning materials.Keywords: learning materials, biology, inquiry
Effectiveness of the ICARE-Modification Model in Training Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Makdalena, Rita; Agustini, Rudiana; Raharjo, Raharjo
International Journal of Emerging Research and Review Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : IKIP Widya Darma Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56707/ijoerar.v4i2.168

Abstract

Objective: Developing students’ critical thinking skills remains a central challenge in higher education, particularly in teacher education programs that demand higher-order cognitive competencies. This study investigates the effectiveness of the ICARE-Modification model—an extended instructional framework integrating Introduction, Connection, Application-modification, Reflection, and Extension stages with AI problem-solving activities—in enhancing undergraduate students’ critical thinking skills. Method:  A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed involving 60 undergraduate students enrolled in a teacher education program. The experimental group received instruction using the ICARE-Modification model, while the control group experienced conventional lecture-based learning. Data were collected through a validated open-ended critical thinking test assessed using an analytical rubric covering questioning, analysis, evaluation, logical reasoning, and solution formulation. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and Cohen’s d effect size.  Results: The findings suggest that the ICARE-Modification model creates a more interactive and cognitively engaging learning environment that supports the development of students’ critical thinking skills. Through structured stages of learning that involve exploration, discussion, and reflection, students are encouraged to actively construct knowledge and evaluate their own reasoning processes, which ultimately leads to better learning outcomes in critical thinking. Novelty: This study introduces the ICARE-Modification model, an extended instructional framework that integrates the traditional ICARE stages with AI-assisted problem-solving activities to foster students’ critical thinking skills in teacher education. Unlike previous studies that apply ICARE as a conventional instructional model, this research incorporates structured cognitive scaffolding and AI-supported reflective learning to enhance higher-order thinking processes.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Raharjo Raharjo Rambitan, Vandalita M M Rudiana Agustini