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Synthesis A Flexible Conductive Film of Poly 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Polystyrene Sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) Using Spray Pyrolysis Method Tarmidzi, Fadhil Muhammad; Sasongko, Setia Budi
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 7, No 2 (2018): July 2018
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.7.2.159-162

Abstract

Popularity of conducting polymers are become widely known and researches for practical application also has been done. In order to developed a continuous process for industrial scale,  we have proposed a spray pyrolysis method to synthesis a flexible conductive film of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and annealed at different temperatures and spray distances. The optimum condition that resulting a best morphology was anneal at 90oC and 20 cm distance with electrical conductivity 4.5 S/cm. It was found that annealing at temperature higher than 90oC will resulting a stress to a film and formed crack due to a different thermal expansion, while at the distance higher than 20 cm resulting a loss of PEDOT:PSS droplets. IR spectra shows that there is no any sign of PEDOT:PSS degradation even at 110oC. SEM analysis also show that the thickness is well distributed and there is no any sign of crack formedArticle History: Received February 24th 2017; Received in revised form May 16th 2018; Accepted May 20th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Tarmidzi, F.M. and Sasongko, S.B. (2018) Synthesis A Flexible Conductive Film of Poly 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Polystyrene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) Using Spray Pyrolysis Method. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 159-162.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.159-162
Effect of Acid Activation and Al Impregnation in Preparation of Bleaching Earth Catalyst for Glyerol Ketalization Tarmidzi, Fadhil Muhammad; Sa'pangan, Desly Angeline; Adawiyah, Winda Robiatul; Gunawan, Adrian
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 16, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/jurtek.16.2.225-232

Abstract

Indonesia's increased biodiesel production represents the government's support for implementing replacement strategy of diesel to biodiesel (B30). The consequence's includes a higher production of glycerol as a byproduct. Currently, glycerol's use in Indonesia has remained limited to the pharmaceutical, polymer, and agricultural industries. On the other side, another application for glycerol as a biodiesel additive is being explored. Therefore, glycerol must be valorized in order to promote the development of clean bioenergy in Indonesia. Solketal as biodiesel additive can be produced by ketalizing glycerol with acetone in the presence of catalyst under acidic condition. In this research, a bleaching earth catalyst, one of the components utilized as a bleaching agent in the biodiesel industries, was developed. Bleaching earth is a form of clay with acidic characteristics that makes it an excellent catalyst in the ketalization process. To increase its surface area and active side, it was activated with sulfuric acid and impregnated with aluminum. The XRD and SEM analyses revealed no significant changes in the catalyst, however the IR spectra revealed a drop in the intensity of the Al-O group. The ketalization process was carried out at 60oC for 2 hours with a catalyst load of 1.5% and a glycerol:acetone:ethanol ratio of 1:1:1. The activation process with 15 M sulfuric acid and 1:1 impregnation was able to convert 15.22% glycerol while 1:5 impregnation is 23.73%. In this study, the catalyst load variation was also carried out which also increased the conversion to 60.53% with 5% catalyst load. Based on these results, it shows that the activation process has more effect on glycerol conversion compared to the impregnation process. In addition, the catalyst load in ketalization is also able to increase the conversion of glycerol.
Lead Ion Removal in Water Using Low Methoxy Pectin-Guar Gum Beads Hybrid Adsorbent Subroto, Nadya Nursidah Pratiwi; Tarmidzi, Fadhil Muhammad; Wati, Ina; Armans, Velia Mulya
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 10 No 1 (2022): Edition for May 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-nad

Abstract

A high level of lead in the sediment will cause contamination of aquatic biota. Lead pollutants in water may be treated by an easy and common adsorption process. A combination of both environmentally friendly and renewable materials, low methoxy pectin (LMP), and guar gum as adsorbents can reduce the need of activated carbon which requires high temperatures in its synthesis process. LMP was prepared from high methoxy pectin using a demethylation process under alkaline conditions. LMP and guar gum are diluted in 1 M calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The degree of esterification was carried out to determine the demethylation process. Adsorption of lead was carried out with a lead concentration of 165 ppm in acidic conditions for 24 hours. Lead concentration was measured using AAS. Results show that the optimal pH for demethylation was 12. The ratio of 1:2 pectin-guar gum produces the strong beads related to more O-H bonds in guar gum that can be developed. pectin-guar gum beads can adsorb 63% of lead at pH 6 due to the development of hydro-complex metal ions under more basic conditions.
Water Stability Characteristic of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Feed Coated with Tapioca Flour-beeswax-based Edible Coating Maharsih, Inggit Kresna; Tarmidzi, Fadhil Muhammad; Pusfitasari, Memik Dian; Alviany, Riza; Yuli, Ahmad; Asnawi, Asnawi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Edition for September 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.11-ing

Abstract

One of the reasons in increasing water turbidity in nile tilapia aquaculture is the presence of spoilage in fish feed that is easily disintegrate and decompose as organic matters in the water. Therefore, a thin layer or edible coating is needed to coat the tilapia feed to slow down the decomposition of the feed due to water absorption. The main ingredients for tilapia feed are tapioca flour added with beeswax solution and glycerol as a plasticizer. In this study, the glycerol concentrations used were 3%, 5%, and 7%, and the beeswax concentrations used were 0.25% w/v, 0.50 % w/v, and 0.75 % w/v. The purpose of this study was analysed the effect of plasticizers and beeswax on the characteristics of the edible coating. The method used to coat tilapia feed is the dipping method, where the product is dipped in a coating solution. The results of the research can be demonstrated by performing a and functional group test using FTIR spectra, contact angle test, and water resistance test of coated fish feed.
Pengaruh Aktivator Asam Sulfat dan Natrium Klorida pada Karbon Aktif Batang Semu Pisang untuk Adsorpsi Fe Tarmidzi, Fadhil Muhammad; Putri, Maylina Anindita Sugiharti; Andriani, Anisa Novi; Alviany, Riza
Jurnal Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rbaet.2021.005.01.03

Abstract

Batang semu pisang merupakan salah satu bahan alam kaya selulosa yang murah. Nilai batang semu pisang yang rendah dapat ditingkatkan menjadi material karbon aktif yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Karbon aktif batang pisang dapat digunakan untuk adosrpsi Fe dalam air baku. Sistem adsorpsi menjadi teknologi yang cocok untuk digunakan di daerah pedesaan yang mengandalkan air tanah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem karbon aktif untuk adosrpsi Fe dari air tanah. Sintesis karbon aktif dilakukan dengan pencucian untuk menghilangkan getah dan komponen terlarut, pengeringan suhu 105oC selama 3 jam, karbonisasi suhu 400oC selama 30 menit, aktivasi asam menggunakan H2SO4, dan penetralan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator pada 0,3 M; 0,5 M; dan 0,7 M terhadap bilangan iodin dan kemampuan adosrpsi Fe. Konsentrasi Fe ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektroskopi adsorpsi atom (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan aktivator 0,3 M H2SO4 memberikan hasil terbaik dengan bilangan iodin 58,23 mg/g dan Fe teradsorp sebanyak 80,85%.