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Journal : Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

TRANSITION OF PRIMARY FOREST TO SECONDARY FOREST AND THE IMPACT FOR WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION Karuniasa, Mahawan; Prambudi, Priyaji Agung
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 2, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In recent decades, water resources shrink at an alarming rate in some areas both nationally and internationally. Water resources are directly proportional to the growth in human population. The higher demand for settlement and agriculture are considered to be important factors responsible for the degradation in water quality and resource functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of vegetation in the water resources area, as well as the level of human participation in the conservation efforts. The study was conducted using a mixed method based on observation and interviews of the local community. The plant diversity in the study area, Dandang water resource, consisted of medium category tree habitus (h'= 1.42); bush habitus (h'= 1.61); and herb habitus (h'= 2.29), there are 27 species from 15 families comprising 9 trees, 6 bushes, and 12 herbs. The level of human participation is still at the whim with limited operational support strength (0.80%). The social capital including communications between parties and organizing resources is a sufficient advantage (58%). However, the involvement of community and village governments in the conservation efforts is still weak (38%). The situation is aggravated by the lack of policies and regulations implemented by the village government (38%). Policy interventions and regulations are important, along with socialization and mentoring programs for the conservation of Dandang water resource area.
COAL MINING RECLAMATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL COUNTRIES Pambudi, Priyaji Agung; Utomo, Suyud Warno; Handoko, Roni Setyo
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study addresses the persistent environmental challenges associated with coal mining in tropical and subtropical regions, where complex microclimates and ecological variability hinder effective reclamation. Despite the increasing global coal demand, comparative cross-country insights remain limited. This research fills the gap by evaluating the best practices. This study employs a qualitative methodology with a comparative case study design, uses systematic literature review to evaluate ecology based reclamation policies and implementation practices. Data were sourced from peer-reviewed journals from Scopus and the Web of Science database and institutional reports, and analyzed using McHarg’s landscape ecology theory to evaluate reclamation policies, ecological challenges, and implementation practices. The results reveal that while all four tropical coal-producing countries possess clear regulatory frameworks for reclamation, their effectiveness varies due to ecological, climatic, and enforcement disparities. Australia demonstrates the most successful model, integrating strict policies with advanced technology and sustainable financing. Conversely, Colombia, Indonesia, and South Africa face challenges in enforcement and consistency. Thematic analysis from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), shows that research is dominated by ecological and biodiversity aspects (44 articles), followed by reclamation technologies (22), economic-social factors (8), and regulatory studies (3). Aligning with McHarg’s landscape ecology theory, the study finds that successful reclamation hinges on site-specific ecological strategies, that are responsive to microclimates and landscape typologies. Technologies such as overburden non-acid forming (OB-NAF) encapsulation and electrodialysis reflect the ecosystem-based approach. However, future research must include empirical validation and community participation to strengthen long-term reclamation success and ecological resilience.