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PENGGUNAAN ANTIHISTAMIN DAN OBAT LAINNYA PADA PASIEN DEWASA DI APOTEK SINAR MUTIARA APOTIK GUNUNG SINDUR, BOGOR Oktovina, Magdalena Niken; Annisa, Fitra; Ismaya, Nurwulan Adi
Edu Masda Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Edu Masda Journal Volume 7 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v7i1.187

Abstract

Antihistamines are a class of drugs that can block the effects of histamine by blocking histamine receptors, in various allergic events. The use of antihistamines has a side effect of drowsiness, but this group is not recommended in the management of insomnia or difficulty sleeping because it can cause tolerance. The use of antihistamines is accompanied by other drugs to support the success of therapy, so it is necessary to monitor the use of antihistamines in remote areas such as Gunung Sindur through one of the pharmacies. This study was to determine the characteristics of antihistamine users, the purpose of use, class and type of antihistamines, and other drugs that accompany them. The study was conducted using purposive sampling and retrospective time on prescription data for 3 months from February to April 2022. The results showed that from 212 patient prescriptions using antihistamines, the most users were female patients (50,47%), an late teens age range between 19 to 25 years (38,7%), where sedative, the first generation antihistamine group such as CTM (Chlorheniramine Maleate) 54,88% more used than non sedative, 2nd generation antihistamines such as Cetirizine 45,12%. The use of antihistamines with the most indications for urticaria (14,63%), while the other drugs that most often accompanied it were the corticosteroid group (21,15%) where the most corticosteroid group was Dexamethasone 11,45%. Based on other types of drugs, the most is Glyceryl Guayakolat (12.18%) which is an expectorant. The use of antihistamines in the area is still dominated by the first generation, the use is also adjusted to the availability of drugs and the cost of treatment in the area.ABSTRAKAntihistamin adalah golongan obat yang dapat memblokir efek histamin dengan memblokir reseptor histamin, dalam berbagai kejadian alergi. Penggunaan antihistamin memiliki efek samping mengantuk, namun golongan ini tidak dianjurkan dalam penatalaksanaan insomnia karena dapat menimbulkan toleransi. Penggunaan antihistamin disertai dengan obat lain untuk menunjang keberhasilan terapi sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan penggunaan antihistamin di daerah terpencil seperti Gunung Sindur melalui salah satu apotik. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengguna antihistamin, tujuan penggunaan, golongan dan jenis antihistamin, serta obat lain yang menyertainya. Penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling dan waktu retrospektif pada data resep selama 3 bulan dari bulan Februari-April 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 212 resep pasien yang menggunakan obat antihistamin, pengguna terbanyak adalah pasien wanita (50,47%), usia remaja akhir antara 19-25 tahun (38,7%), dimana obat penenang golongan antihistamin generasi pertama seperti sebagai CTM (Chlorheniramine Maleate) 54,88% lebih banyak digunakan dibandingkan non sedatif, antihistamin generasi ke-2 seperti Cetirizine 45,12%. Penggunaan antihistamin dengan indikasi urtikaria terbanyak (14,63%), sedangkan obat lain yang paling sering menyertai adalah golongan kortikosteroid (21,15%) yang terbanyak adalah Dexamethasone 11,45%. Berdasarkan jenis obat lain, paling banyak adalah Glyceryl Guayakolat (12,18%) yang merupakan ekspektoran. Penggunaan antihistamin di daerah masih didominasi oleh generasi pertama, penggunaannya juga disesuaikan dengan ketersediaan obat dan biaya pengobatan di daerah tersebut.
PENGARUH EKSPOR DAN INVESTASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI Annisa, Fitra; Rahmadani, Mutiara Arlina; Kurniawan, Dio; Marina, Marina; Muslim, Bukhari; Jolianis, Jolianis
Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JURKAMI) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): JURKAMI
Publisher : STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31932/jpe.v11i1.5886

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of exports and investment on Indonesia's economic growth, both partially and simultaneously. Data collection techniques used documentation, with data sources obtained from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) Indonesia and the World Bank for the period 1960-2024. Data analysis was conducted using the multiple regression method. The results of the study indicate that exports and investment do not have a significant influence on economic growth, either partially or simultaneously. This indicates that the level of exports and investment does not affect economic growth. One of the causes is unequal economic growth due to disparities between urban and rural areas, as well as between western and eastern Indonesia. This finding indicates that these variables are influenced by other, more dominant factors, so they do not have a strong enough impact on national economic growth. This study suggests the need for more in-depth studies of other variables that can influence economic growth and the importance of more focused policies to increase the contribution of exports and investment. Other factors include: infrastructure, macroeconomic conditions (inflation, interest rates), economic diversification, innovation and technology. This research has time limitations, because it does not cover long-term economic boundaries and the limited variables measured do not include macroeconomic variables as factors that influence economic growth.