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All Journal Kinetika Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)
Kalsum, Leila
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RANCANG BANGUN DAN PENGUJIAN ALAT PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN SAPI DENGAN VARIASI JUMLAH MIKROBA Kalsum, Leila
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018): KINETIKA 01072018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Biogas is an alternative energy in the form of gas produced from organic materials. The biggest component of biogas is methane (CH4 , 54-80% volume) and carbon dioxide (20-45% volume) and a small amount of oxygen, H2 , N2 and H2S. The process of making biogas is carried out in fermentation, namely the process of forming methane gas under anaerobic conditions with the help of anaerobic bacteria in a digester so that methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) gases are produced which are larger than hydrogen (H2 ), nitrogen (N2 ) and sulfide acid (H2S). This study aims to make biogas from organic waste materials and cow dung by conducting variations of microorganisms to see how much biogas is produced with a short span of time. The variation of Green Phoskko-7 (GP-7) microorganisms is 250 gr, 350 gr and 450 gr with a fixed composition and material concentration of 133 kg of cow dung: 66 liters of water (2: 1) which is fermented for 7 days with a fixed temperature 35ºC. The results of this study showed that the optimum amount was 450 grams of GP-7 with a volume of 0.338467 m3 and a methane level of 33.492 mol%
RANCANG BANGUN TRAY DRYER SISTEM HYBRID (SURYA-HEATER) UNTUK PENGERINGAN IKAN ASIN Yuliati, Selastia; Kalsum, Leila; Junaidi, Robert; HC, Fadarina; Azizah, Roro Rizqi Ramadhani; Utami, Winda Andea; Ningrum, Galuh Martiyah
KINETIKA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): KINETIKA 01072020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Drying process on salted fish is one of the factors that determine the quality of the products produced. Conventional drying has many weaknesses, namely fluctuating heat, poor hygiene and requires a large enough space and can affect product quality. One of alternatives in drying salted fish is using a hybrid system tray dryer with a solar energy source with additional electrical energy (heater). This study aimed to design a tray dryer with hybrid system (solar-heater), obtained the performanced of the dryer based on drying rate, heat transfer and heat efficiency of the hybrid system tray dryer (solar-heater), and obtained salted fish that met the water content standards based on SNI No. 01-2721- 2009. The treatments varied were drying time of 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes, 240 minutes and 300 minutes and the variations of drying temperature of 60oC, 70oC and 80oC. The results showed that the optimum drying conditions were drying using temperature of 70oC with a drying time of 300 minutes, a moisture content of 31.2%, a drying rate of 0.1492 kg/hour m2, a conduction heat transfer rate is 52.01 J, a convection heat transfer rate is 71.15 J, a radiation heat transfer rate is 0.048 J and heat efficiency of 53.28%.
CO2 and H2S Absorption in Tofu Liquid Waste Biogas using Packed Bed Scrubber with Variation of MEA Concentration and Flow Rate Putra, Aan Ade; Kalsum, Leila; Hasan, Abu
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): IJRVOCAS - August
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v3i2.204

Abstract

Biogas technology has become an alternative fuel that is often used in Indonesia. One of the raw materials for biogas that has the potential and is easy to obtain is waste from the tofu industry. Liquid waste still contains a lot of organic elements. The organic materials contained in the exhaust of the tofu industry are generally very high. The gases commonly found in tofu waste are nitrogen gas (N2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). These gases come from the decomposition of organic materials contained in wastewater. So that biogas produced from tofu liquid waste still contains CO2 and H2S gases which are quite high. Therefore, in this study the process of purification or refining of biogas products will be carried out using the absorption method through an absorber column using monoethanolamine (MEA) solution as a chemical absorbent through a 8 mm packed bed scrubber. The results showed that the best biogas flow rate in the purification process which produced the highest CH4 concentration of 95.12% was 40% MEA concentration and 0.8 L/min flow rate. The effect of MEA concentration on biogas purification causes the concentration of CO2 and H2S in the purified biogas to decrease as the MEA concentration increases. The best combination of 0.8 L/min biogas flow rate and 10 mm packing area reduces CO2 and H2S concentrations to 1.88% and 0 ppm.
Characterization of Rubber Bark (Hevea Brasiliensis) as s Raw Material and Fly Ash as a Catalyst for the Production of Biofuel Fenoldi, Nova; Muhammad Yerizam; Kalsum, Leila
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): IJRVOCAS - December
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v4i3.297

Abstract

The research conducted on the utilization of rubber wood bark biomass for biofuel production employs the pyrolysis process. Rubber wood bark, a by-product of rubber plantation waste, has the potential to be converted into energy. However, its utilization has not been optimal, often leading to accumulation issues due to its inability to be fully utilized. Therefore, this study aims to utilize rubber wood bark to produce biofuel. Fly ash catalyst is employed to expedite the biofuel production process. The testing methods used to analysis the characteristics of rubber wood bark include proximate analysis and calorific value analysis. Proximate analysis of rubber wood bark yielded the following values: moisture content of 6.39%, ash content of 4.61%, volatile matter of 71.41%, and fixed carbon of 17.59%. The calorific value of rubber wood bark was determined to be 4200.00 calories per gram. Meanwhile, the characteristics of coal fly ash used as a catalyst were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) or X-ray diffraction. The analysis revealed the presence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) at 49.21%, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) at 16.22%, iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) at 5.49%, calcium oxide (CaO) at 7.37%, magnesium oxide (MgO) at 1.72%, and potassium oxide (K2O) at 0.50%. The analysis of rubber wood bark and coal fly ash indicates that rubber wood bark can be used as a raw material for biofuel production, while coal fly ash can serve as a catalyst.
Potential of Activated Coal Fly Ash as an Adsorbent Material in Carbon Capture Technology Putri, Rizki Aria; Syarif, Aida; Kalsum, Leila
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): IJRVOCAS - August
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v5i2.379

Abstract

The rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from biomass combustion processes have become a central concern in climate change mitigation. This study explores the utilization of coal fly ash as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent in carbon capture technology. Thermal activation was applied to fly ash at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C to enhance its surface characteristics. Characterization using Iodine Number and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed significant improvements in adsorptive properties, particularly at 600°C. The findings confirm that activated fly ash possesses high potential as a CO₂ adsorbent due to the presence of crystalline calcium oxide (CaO), which facilitates carbonate formation. This research supports the integration of waste-based adsorbents in sustainable CO₂ mitigation strategies.
Characterization of Empty Fruit Bunch of Palm Oil as Co-firing Biomass Feedstock Rusdianasari, Rusdianasari; Arissetyadhi, Iwan; Kalsum, Leila; Bow, Yohandri; Syarif, Aida; Arifin, Fatahul
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v7i1.237

Abstract

Empty fruit bunches of Palm Oil (EFB) are a potential source of biomass energy because they contain lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) so that they can be converted into biopellets for co-firing. The purpose of this research is to determine the raw material properties of EFB in the form of proximate, ultimate, lignin, and biopellets. Using a pelletizer, biopellets are created by adding starch as an adhesive. The raw material characteristics of EFB from proximate analysis revealed moisture content of 11.98%, ash content of 6.53%, volatile matter content of 65.15%, and fixed carbon content of 16.44%. According to the final study results, the biopellets from empty fruit bunches included 48.53% C, 6.05% H, 0.32% N, 36.8% O, and 0.08% Sulphure. The atomic ratio obtained from the final analysis results could be used to determine the calorific value that can be used for fuel; the biopellet calorific value of EFB is 4,583 kcal/kg, with Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) values of 78.6 and Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) 1100oC. The lower the value of the atomic ratio contained, the higher the calorific value contained in a specific fuel.
The Potential of Rice Husk Biopellets as a Substitute Fuel Rusdianasari, Rusdianasari; Kalsum, Leila; Hasan, Abu; Syaritri, Dwi; Arza, Tasya Dwi Putri; Octhaviana, Vivi; Nor, Siti Najdah Binti Mohd; Jamil, Maizun Binti; Risdzuan, Aiman Arif Bin
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v9i3.844

Abstract

One of Indonesia's greatest waste crops, rice husk, has not yet been fully exploited. Rice husk has a high lignocellulose content, increasing its potential as a renewable energy source, particularly in the form of biopellets. The procedure of creating biopellets is the focus of this study. biopellets made from rice husk and evaluate their quality using proximal, ultimate, value, density, and heat criteria. The study's stages include drying the raw material, milling it to a uniform size, using a pellet mill for pelletisation, and testing the biopellets for quality in compliance with SNI 8951:2020. The study's findings revealed that rice husk biopellets have sufficient calories and low water content after undergoing optimal drying. However, the high relative ash content is the main problem in using it as a feedstock for co-firing, necessitating quality enhancement through chemical treatment or blending with other biomass. Overall, biopellets derived from rice husks have the potential to serve as an environmentally acceptable and cost-effective alternative energy source for household and industrial use. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 13: Climate ActionSDG 15: Life on Land
Biogas Purification by Adsorption Method Using Activated Carbon and Zeolite Adsorbents Fourqoniah, Fitrah; Kalsum, Leila; Yulianti, Selastia
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.77835

Abstract

Abstract. Biogas is an alternative energy that is formed from the fermentation of organic matter in gaseous form. Biogas consists of several gas mixtures with the main components methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with a small amount of steam. Biogas is an alternative technology that produces environmentally friendly, cheap and renewable fuel because it comes from biomass, organic liquid waste, food scraps, organic waste, leaves and animal manure resulting from the fermentation process. This study aims to purify biogas by adsorption method using activated carbon and zeolite adsorbents to obtain optimal methane gas by varying the biogas flow rate and the amount of adsorbent composition. Variation in the ratio of the amount of adsorbent (activated carbon: zeolite) is 0%:100%, 30%:70%, 50%:50%, 70%:30%, 100%:0% and the flow rate variation used is 0.2 liter/minute, 0.4 liter/minute, and 0.6 liter/minute. From the purification results, an analysis of the gas content contained in the biogas was carried out using a gas analyzer. The results showed that the best flow rate was the smallest flow rate, which was 0.2 liter/minute, and the best variation in the amount of adsorbent was 0%:100% adsorbent (activated carbon: zeolite) with 81.40% methane content.Keywords:Biogas, Activated Carbon, Zeolite, Adsorption, Purification,
Co-Authors Abu Hasan AIDA SYARIF Arissetyadhi, Iwan Arza, Tasya Dwi Putri Azizah, Roro Rizqi Ramadhani Fatahul Arifin, Fatahul Fenoldi, Nova Fourqoniah, Fitrah HC, Fadarina Jamil, Maizun Binti Muhammad Yerizam Ningrum, Galuh Martiyah Nor, Siti Najdah Binti Mohd Octhaviana, Vivi Putra, Aan Ade Putri, Rizki Aria Risdzuan, Aiman Arif Bin Robert Junaidi Rusdianasari Rusdianasari Selastia Yuliati Syaritri, Dwi Utami, Winda Andea Yohandri Bow Yulianti, Selastia