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All Journal Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching
Muhammed, Areen Ahmed
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Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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EXAMINING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING CHALLENGES IN SULAYMANIYAH PRIMARY SCHOOLS: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY Muhammed, Areen Ahmed
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 8, No 2: December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/ll.v8i2.9919

Abstract

This research investigates the challenges faced by primary school students in Sulaymaniyah City/Kurdistan Region/Iraq in learning English, focusing on both public and private schools. The main objective of the research is to discover the contradictory approaches to English language learning among primary school students, particularly concerning the influence of teachers and the surrounding educational environment in public and private primary schools in Kurdistani Iraq. By analyzing data collected through questionnaires (n=100) which were 15 statements to be answered and interviews (n=4) with students and teachers which were 3 questions to be asked, the research highlights significant differences in the English language learning experiences between public and private schools. The key findings of this research reveal that students’ proficiency in English is influenced by various factors, including their motivation, family background, and school environment. Moreover, teachers’ instructional methods play a crucial role, as students benefit from engaging and diverse teaching strategies. Furthermore, the research underscores that a supportive and well-resourced learning environment—characterized by adequate classroom facilities, minimal noise, and effective teaching materials—significantly impacts students’ ability to learn English. The research suggests that enhancing teacher training, updating classroom resources, and fostering supportive home environments could improve English language learning outcomes for students across both types of schools. Overall, this comparative case study provides valuable insights into how different educational contexts influence English language acquisition. The research offers recommendations for improving educational practices in primary schools generally and public schools, specifically in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF GENDERED LANGUAGE IN JAMAICA KINCAID’S ‘GIRL’ USING SPEECH ACT THEORY AND DEFICIT MODEL Fatah, Shokhan Mohammed; Muhammed, Areen Ahmed
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 9, No 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/ll.v9i1.10654

Abstract

This paper examines gendered language in Jamaica Kincaid’s (born 1949) short story ‘Girl’ through J. L. Austin’s Speech Act Theory and Robin Lakoff’s Deficit Model. Structured as a monologue of maternal instructions, the narrative provides a lens to analyze language’s performative function in reinforcing authority, dependency, and gender norms. Applying Speech Act Theory, the study explores how directives, warnings, and illocutionary acts preserve traditional femininity and power relations. Simultaneously, it engages with the Deficit Model to demonstrate how women’s language is positioned as less assertive, shaping the daughter’s social identity. Using qualitative content analysis, the study examines linguistic features and speech acts to identify patterns of gendered language and power dynamics. Findings reveal that the mother’s speech acts, particularly commands and warnings, function as tools of linguistic control, reinforcing patriarchal ideologies and expectations. The paper highlights the role of language in shaping female identity through authoritative discourse, demonstrating how speech acts contribute to sustaining social hierarchies. By offering a nuanced exploration of gendered linguistic structures, this research contributes to sociolinguistic and literary discourse, deepening the understanding of power, identity, and representation in literary texts. The work underscores how language encodes and perpetuates gendered ideologies, adding to broader discussions on discourse, power relations, and identity formation in literature.
Co-Authors Fatah, Shokhan Mohammed