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PRIMAL INSTINCTS AND SOCIETAL CONSTRUCTS: A THEMATIC STUDY OF WILLIAM GOLDING'S LORD OF THE FLIES Fatah, Shokhan Mohammed; Saeed, Yadgar Faeq
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 8, No 1: June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/ll.v8i1.9111

Abstract

This qualitative study investigates the portrayal of human nature's mystique through theoretical analysis. Using a fabulist, mythological approach, William Golding delves into the complexities of human psychology. This study explores the novel's thematic examination of civilization and savagery, demonstrating how the boys' descent into chaos reflects both innate human wickedness and the fragility of social conventions. By analyzing characters, symbols, and narrative structures, the research clarifies the intricate relationship between civilization and barbarism through the lens of primal instincts and societal norms. The study reveals that Golding's depiction of human psychology effectively illustrates the tension between civilization and savagery. The primary text analysis shows how Golding portrays fundamental human characteristics, highlighting the inherent darkness within and the struggle to maintain societal order. Secondary sources are also carefully examined to support this argument. The significance of this study lies in its depiction of the duality of human nature as represented in the novel, offering insights into the delicate balance between our civilized veneers and underlying primal instincts.
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF GENDERED LANGUAGE IN JAMAICA KINCAID’S ‘GIRL’ USING SPEECH ACT THEORY AND DEFICIT MODEL Fatah, Shokhan Mohammed; Muhammed, Areen Ahmed
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 9, No 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/ll.v9i1.10654

Abstract

This paper examines gendered language in Jamaica Kincaid’s (born 1949) short story ‘Girl’ through J. L. Austin’s Speech Act Theory and Robin Lakoff’s Deficit Model. Structured as a monologue of maternal instructions, the narrative provides a lens to analyze language’s performative function in reinforcing authority, dependency, and gender norms. Applying Speech Act Theory, the study explores how directives, warnings, and illocutionary acts preserve traditional femininity and power relations. Simultaneously, it engages with the Deficit Model to demonstrate how women’s language is positioned as less assertive, shaping the daughter’s social identity. Using qualitative content analysis, the study examines linguistic features and speech acts to identify patterns of gendered language and power dynamics. Findings reveal that the mother’s speech acts, particularly commands and warnings, function as tools of linguistic control, reinforcing patriarchal ideologies and expectations. The paper highlights the role of language in shaping female identity through authoritative discourse, demonstrating how speech acts contribute to sustaining social hierarchies. By offering a nuanced exploration of gendered linguistic structures, this research contributes to sociolinguistic and literary discourse, deepening the understanding of power, identity, and representation in literary texts. The work underscores how language encodes and perpetuates gendered ideologies, adding to broader discussions on discourse, power relations, and identity formation in literature.