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The Impact of Mixed Marriage in Civil Law Review Djaoe, Andi Novita Mudriani; Bolo, Suriani Bt.; Baso, Fatihani
Al-'Adl Vol 16, No 1 (2023): Al-'Adl
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/aladl.v16i1.5203

Abstract

The article aims to reveal the complexities of mixed marriages between local people and mining workers (immigrants). The research method is a qualitative descriptive study that describes the impact of mixed marriages in mining areas in Southeast Sulawesi. The paper shows that mixed marriages are carried out in series without going through the applicable legal procedures. Mixed marriages are based on several aspects behind the legitimacy of providing a way for men (immigrants) as long as they can fulfil the traditional elements, pay for the customs, and are Muslim. Then mixed marriages took place, and it was their (women's) habit who see that immigrant workers could provide welfare. However, mixed marriage indirectly in civil terms means their marriage cannot be recognized and legalized.
Tantangan Positivisasi Passing Off di Indonesia Baso, Fatihani; Iswandi; Uke, La Ode Muhammad Iman Abdi Anantomo; H, Redita Septia Sari.
Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL KAJIAN KONSTITUSI
Publisher : Department of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, University of Jember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/j.kk.v5i1.53692

Abstract

Hingga saat ini, Indonesia belum mengatur mengenai passing off. Padahal jika melihat fakta di lapangan, banyak sekali produk atau jasa yang dipasarkan meniru produk atau jasa lain yang telah terdaftar. Masalah yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana urgensi pengaturan khusus passing off dalam sistem hukum Merek di Indonesia serta bagaimana dampak ketidakhadiran aturan Passing Off dalam sistem hukum Indonesia dibandingkan dengan sistem Common Law. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan konseptual. Secara regulasi, Indonesia yang menganut Civil law system belum mengatur mengenai passing off, melainkan hanya mengatur perlindungan terhadap merek yang telah didaftar. Sedangkan pengaturan passing off  tidak hanya melindungi merek yang telah terdaftar, akan tetapi juga melindungi merek yang belum terdaftar. Mengenai apakah passing off dapat diberlakukan di Indonesia, hal itu akan sulit karena perbedaan sistem hukum. Passing off merupakan common law sedangkan Indonesia menganut civil law. Sehingga, passing off tidak tepat jika diadopsi dalam Undang-Undang Merek di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Positivisasi; Passing Off; Hak atas Merek. Until now, Indonesia has not regulated passing off. In fact, if we look at the facts on the ground, there are many products or services that are marketed that imitate other products or services that have been registered. The problem that will be discussed is how urgent the special regulation of passing off is in the Trademark legal system in Indonesia and how the impact of the absence of Passing Off rules in the Indonesian legal system is compared to the Common Law system. The research was conducted using a legislative approach combined with a conceptual approach. In terms of regulation, Indonesia, which adheres to the Civil law system, has not regulated passing off, but only regulates protection for registered brands. Meanwhile, the regulation of passing off not only protects registered brands, but also protects brands that have not been registered. Regarding whether passing off can be implemented in Indonesia, it will be difficult because of the differences in the legal system. Passing off is common law while Indonesia adheres to civil law. Thus, passing off is not appropriate if adopted in the Trademark Law in Indonesia.      Keywords: . Positivisation; Passing Off; Trademark Rights.
Standard Clauses: Measuring Dilemmas in Theory Baso, Fatihani; Uke, La Ode Muhammad Iman Abdi Anantomo; Iswandi, Iswandi; Djaoe, Andi Novita Mudriani; Ramadhani, Alya
RechtIdee Vol 20, No 1 (2025): JUNE
Publisher : Trunojoyo Madura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/ri.v20i1.29842

Abstract

The study aims to measure this dilemma through the theories of natural law, utilitarianism, and positivism. It employs a qualitative approach using library research and normative juridical analysis. Despite their role in enhancing transactional efficiency, standard clauses often obscure critical rights and responsibilities, particularly for consumers who lack the bargaining power or legal literacy to fully comprehend or negotiate contract terms. This condition is increasingly urgent in the context of digital transactions on e-commerce platforms, etc where standard clauses are not only more prevalent but also more opaque. Existing scholarship has yet to explore how consumer legal literacy—or the lack thereof—affects the understanding, acceptance, and contestation of standard clauses in the digital marketplace. This study fills that gap by integrating legal theory with a critical analysis of consumer awareness, offering a novel perspective on the intersection between legal formalism and substantive justice in contemporary consumer contracting. The results indicate that standard clauses are deemed unjust based on natural law theory due to their formulation often violating universal moral principles, which demand mutual agreement and fairness for all parties. According to utilitarian theory, standard clauses are beneficial if they serve all parties; however, since they mainly benefit business actors, the usefulness is limited and creates imbalance. Meanwhile, positivist theory considers standard clauses legally valid as long as they adhere to the pacta sunt servanda principle—once written and agreed upon, the contract is binding law for the parties. Although standard clauses promote business efficiency, the imbalance in bargaining power may disadvantage consumers, who must therefore critically assess their ability to accept or reject the contract.